A missing person is a person who has disappeared and whose status of life or death can not be confirmed because the location and fate are unknown.
A person may be lost through a voluntary loss, or by accident, crime, death in a location where they can not be found (as in the sea), or many other reasons. Often, the missing person is found quickly. While criminal abductions are some of the most reported disappearances, accounts are only for 2-5% of missing children in Europe.
In contrast, some cases of missing persons remain unresolved over the years. The laws relating to these cases are often complex because, in many jurisdictions, relatives and third parties may not deal with a person's assets until their death is deemed to be proven by law and an official death certificate issued. Situation, uncertainty, and lack of closure or burial that occurs when a person is missing may be very painful with long-term effects on family and friends.
A number of organizations seek to connect, share best practices, and disseminate information and images of missing children to improve the effectiveness of missing child investigations, including the International Center for Missing & Exploited Children (ICMEC), as well as national centers, including the National Center for Missing & amp; Exploited Children in the US, Missing Persons in Britain, Children's Focus in Belgium, and Children's Smiles in Greece.
Video Missing person
Reason
People disappear for various reasons. Some individuals choose to disappear alone. Reasons for non-identification may include:
- To avoid domestic violence by the parent (s)/guardian/siblings/spouse.
- Leave home to live elsewhere with a new identity.
- Becomes a victim of a kidnapping.
- Abduction (under age) by non-custodian parents or other relatives.
- Confiscation by government officials without due process of law (see enforced disappearances).
- Suicide in a remote location or under a pseudonym (to save the family's suicide at home or to allow their death to finally be declared in absentia ).
- Murder victim (body disguised, destroyed, or hidden). Mental illness or other illnesses such as Alzheimer Disease can cause a person to disappear or they may not know how to identify themselves because of the loss of long-term memory that causes them to forget where they live, the identity of family members or relatives, or their own names.
- Death due to natural causes (illness) or accident away from home without identification.
- Disappear to take advantage of better working or living conditions elsewhere.
- Sale to slavery, bondage, sexual slavery, or other non-free work.
- To avoid discovery of crime or fear by law enforcement authorities. ( See also failure to appear.)
- Join a sect or other religious organization that does not require contact to the outside world.
- To avoid war or persecution during genocide.
- To avoid starvation or natural disasters.
- Deaths from floods, flash floods, debris flows, hurricanes, tsunamis, and tornadoes.
- Dead in water, without body recovering.
Maps Missing person
Missing child category
- Breakout (national/international): Children who are away from home, from the institution they are placed in, or from the persons responsible for their care.
- Abduction by third person : Abduction of minors by anyone other than parent or person with parental authority.
- Parental or international abduction : Parental kidnapping is a case in which a child is taken to or stored in a country or place other than a normal residence by one or more parents or persons with the authority of the person old, against the wishes of other parents or against the will of the person with the authority of the parents.
- Missing unaccompanied migrant children : Removal of migrant children, nationals of a country where there is no free movement of persons, under the age of 18 who have been separated from both parents and not being cared for by adults, who by law are responsible for doing so.
- Missing, hurt, or missing child: Disappearance for no reason for a lost child under age (eg a small kid on the beach in summer) or self-injury and can not be found immediately (eg accident during sporting events, in youth camps, etc., as well as children whose reasons disappear have not been determined. Legal aspect
- AMBER warning
- Adam Code
- Cool casing
- Enforced disappearance
- Missing Global Children's Network
- International kidnapping
- International Day of the Missing
- List of people who mysteriously disappear
- Mattie Call
- National Children's Day
- Not reported missing
- lostnmissing.com
- The National Missing and Disappeared System (NamUs.gov) Website
- Familylinks.icrc.org for people searching for family members lost due to a conflict or natural disaster. International Committee of the Red Cross.
- Black & amp; Lost Yayasan dedicated website dedicated to Missing Color People
- Missing Data on Missing Child
- Missing Persons and Unsolved Cases
- The Missing Inter-Parliamentary Union, International Committee of the Red Cross, 2009
- The people directory is not in the UK
- Kenneth Hill. The Psychology of Lost
- Doe Network: International Center for Unknown & amp; Missing Person
- Free website service for Missing Families family
A common misconception is that one should be absent for at least 24 hours before being legally classed as missing, but this is rare. Law enforcement agencies often emphasize that such cases should be reported as early as possible.
In most jurisdictions the common law of the disappeared person can be declared dead in absentia (or "dead by law") after seven years. This time frame can be reduced in certain cases, such as deaths in large battles or mass disasters such as the September 11 attacks.
Search
In most countries, police are the standard agents to lead investigations into missing persons. Removal at sea is a general exception, as it requires special agents such as a coast guard. Rescue agents such as fire departments, mountain rescue, and cave rescue can participate in cases that require their specific resources. Various charitable activities exist to assist in the investigation. These include the National Center for Missing & amp; Exploited Children in the US, Missing Persons in Britain, Children's Focus in Belgium, and Children's Smiles in Greece. Some cases of missing persons are given extensive media coverage, with seekers returning to the public for help. Photographs of people can be displayed on bulletin boards, milk cartons, postcards, websites and social media to publish their descriptions.
Police forces like Lancashire Constabulary emphasized the need to try to locate the person quickly, to assess how vulnerable the person was and look for places that the person might have.
Legal and statistics by country
Worldwide
The Wall Street Journal reported in 2012 that: "It is estimated that about 8 million children are lost worldwide every year." BBC News reports that missing children around the world, "while usually the child is found quickly the ordeal can sometimes last for months, even years."
Canada
Royal Canadian Mounted Police lost child statistics for a period of ten years showing a total of 60,582 children lost in 2007.
Jamaica
Founder of Jamaica Hear the Children's Cry, child rights advocate Betty Ann Blaine, called on the government to introduce legislation missing children in Jamaica. He said in May 2015: "Jamaica faces the crisis of lost children, every month we have about 150 reports about missing children, it's a crisis because we're only 2.7 million people." He said his organization will work with the International Center for Missing & amp; Exploited Children (ICMEC) recommends a legal model to the Jamaican Parliament.
United Kingdom
In the United Kingdom, [Huffington Post reported in 2012, more than 140,000 children are missing each year, as calculated by the Child Exploitation and Online Protection Center (CEOP) of the UK National Crime Agency.
United States
In the United States, 800,000 children will be lost each year according to government studies in 2002. These numbers have been widely circulated in the mass media.
As the findings from the Misale 2002 National Incident Study of Missing, Kidnapped, Escape and Neglected Children (NISMART-2) a summary of studies by the Office of Juvenile Delinquency and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) indicates that a child may disappear for various reasons, including "Kidnapping non-family "," Family abduction, "" Runaway episode, "" Unintentional loss, disappearance, or injury, "and" Situation explanation is harmless. " NISMART-2 defines a missing child both relating to missing children from their caregivers, and missing children from their caregivers and reported to the agency for help finding missing children. NISMART-2 considers the child as missing "when the child experiences a qualifying episode in which the child's whereabouts are not known by the main caretaker, with the result that the caretaker is alert for at least 1 hour and trying to find a child.For the episode to qualify, the child should be younger of 18 and the situation must meet the specific criteria for one of the types of NISMART-2 episodes. "The study is based on data derived from four studies of NISMART-2 - Law Enforcement Study, National Household Survey of both Adult and Adult Nurses using computer assisted telephone interview methodology), and Study of Youth Facility. The study summary notes that "it is important to recognize that almost all missing child caregivers (1,312,800 or 99.8 percent) are returned home alive or are at the time the study data is collected, only a fraction of a percent (0.2 percent or 2,500) of all missing child caregivers have not been home or been, and most of them are runaway from the institution.... "
The United States National Crime Information Center (NCIC) of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, mandated by the National Child Search Help Act, maintains its own "People's Missing Archives" that local police report to the people they seek. The NCIC "Missing Persons File" does have a category called "Teenagers" or "EMJs", but that category does not reflect the number of all teenagers reported missing to the NCIC, sought by the local police. NCIC also uses its own classification criteria; it does not use the above NISMART definition of what is a lost child. The NCIC data is limited to individuals who have been reported to the NCIC as missing, and are being sought by local police. In addition, EMJ category does not contain all reports about teenagers who have been reported missing to NCIC. While the EMJ category keeps records of some reported teenagers missing, the total for the EMJ category excludes missing adolescents but who "have a proven physical or mental disability... disappear in circumstances that indicate that they may are in physical danger... lost after a disaster... [or] lost in circumstances that indicate their disappearance may not be voluntary ". In 2013, the NCIC included 445,214 "EMJ" reports (440,625 in the EMJ category under the age of 18, but 462,567 under the age of 18 in all categories, and 494,372 under the age of 21 in all categories), and the total of NCIC reports totaling 627,911. Of children under the age of 18 years, a total of 4,883 statements were classified as "disappearing in circumstances that indicate that the disappearance may not be voluntary, ie kidnapping or kidnapping" (9,572 under age 21), and an additional 9,617 as "lost under circumstances indicating that his physical safety might be in danger "(15,163 under the age of 21). Total records of missing persons included in the NCIC were 661,593 in 2012, 678,860 in 2011 (550,424 of them under 21), 692,944 in 2010 (531,928 of whom were under 18 years of age, and 565,692 of them under 21 years old ), and 719,558 in 2009. A total of 630,990 records were deleted or canceled during 2013. By the end of 2013, the NCIC had 84,136 missing persons missing records, with 33,849 (40.2%) being teenagers under 18, and 9,706 (11 , 5%) of adolescents aged between 18 and 20 years.
Third Party
In Salt Lake City, Utah, a reported missing person report leads to additional criminal clues that include an extraordinary warrant for drug-related crimes related to "Marilee Joann Borden" in conjunction with the discovery of a deceased person. Third parties are also available in the United States, but can be expensive producing limited results. These resources are in the form of prize hunters and private detectives.
Background and statistics
116,000 is a European hotline for lost children active in 26 countries in the European Union as well as Albania and Serbia. The Hotline is an initiative encouraged by Missing Children Europe, the European federation for children who are lost and sexually exploited and manifested through European institutions.
The Council of Europe estimates that about 1 in 5 children in Europe are victims of some form of sexual violence. In 70% to 85% of cases, the offender is someone known and trusted by the child. Child sexual violence can occur in various forms: sexual harassment in family circles, child pornography and prostitution, corruption, demand through the Internet and sexual violence by peers. In some cases, with no other choice available, children leave their homes and care institutions, looking for a better and safer life.
Of the 50-60% of children reported by 116,000 lost European child hotline networks, 1 in 6 assumed a rough sleep on the run, 1 in 8 resorts stole to survive and 1 in 4 children are at serious risk of some form of abuse. The number of difficult sleeping children across Europe is on the rise. This escape falls into the vulnerable situation of sexual abuse, alcohol abuse and drug abuse that causes depression. Runaways are 9 times more likely to have suicidal tendencies than other children. The Children's Society published a report in 2011 on recommendations to the government to safeguard children's safety.
The issue of child disappearance is increasingly recognized as a concern for national and international policy makers, especially in cases of cross-border abductions, organized child trafficking and child pornography and the temporary nature of minors who are unaccompanied who seek asylum.
According to UNHCR, more than 15,000 unaccompanied and separated children claimed asylum in the EU, Norway and Switzerland in 2009. The difficult situation of these children makes them particularly vulnerable to human rights abuses, making their protection critical, given the risks the height they open. Most of these children are boys aged 14 and over, with diverse ethnic, cultural, religious and social backgrounds mainly from Afghanistan, Somalia, Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Eritrea and Iraq.
Among exploiters who use children, sometimes their own relatives who benefit in the form of social and/or family benefits. According to research conducted by Frontex, several types of threats faced by unaccompanied migrant children include sexual exploitation in terms of pornography, prostitution and the internet; economic exploitation including forced organ donation; criminal exploitation including smuggling of drugs and trafficking of children including forced marriages and beggars.
The criminal network is deeply involved with trafficking into the EU and this includes the exploitation of minors as labor in the sex trade and other criminal activities. According to a 2007 UNICEF report on Child Trafficking in Europe, 2 million children are trafficked in Europe each year. Child trafficking occurs in almost all countries in Europe. There is no clear distinction between origin and destination in Europe. Trafficking of children has been felt primarily in relation to sexual exploitation, but the reality is much more complex. Children in Europe are also trafficked for exploitation through work, domestic help, begging, criminal activity and other exploitative purposes.
In the report, UNICEF also warned that there is no data collection, analysis and dissemination dramatically and systematically at all levels without a country that has no important evidence informing national policies and responses. The Lost Boy of Europe, the European federation of lost children, aims to meet this need. The CRM system is expected to have a clear impact on how hotlines can work together and collect data about missing child issues.
The British Asylum Sifting Unit estimates that 60% of minors accompanied in social care venues in the UK are lost and not found anymore. In Britain, these open centers, from which minors can call their merchants, act as 'human markets' for facilitators and traders who generally collect their prey within 24 hours of arrival in the UK. According to the CIA of 800,000 people trafficked every year across national borders worldwide, up to 50% are minors.
International statistics and efforts
The United Nations operates the Commission of the Disappeared, which functions as an international coordination center and provides statistics on missing persons around the world. The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement seeks to clarify the fate and whereabouts of missing persons when the loss of contact is due to armed conflict or other situations of violence; natural or man-made disasters; migration and in other situations of humanitarian need. It also supports missing people's families to rebuild their social lives and find emotional well-being.
Monument
On May 26, 2002, a monument to the disappeared was inaugurated in County Kilkenny, Republic of Ireland by President Mary McAleese. It is the first monument of its kind in the world.
See also
References
External links
Source of the article : Wikipedia
0 Comments