A diary is a note (originally in handwriting format) with separate entries compiled based on date reports of what has happened during one day or other period. Personal diaries may include experiences, thoughts, and/or feelings of a person, including comments on current events beyond the author's immediate experience. Someone who keeps a diary is known as a diary writer. Diaries conducted for institutional purposes play a role in many aspects of human civilization, including government records (eg Hansard ), business ledger, and military records. In English English, the word can also indicate the format of a printed journal.
Today the term is generally used for personal diaries, usually intended to remain private or have limited circulation among friends or relatives. The word "journal" can sometimes be used for "diaries", but generally the diary has (or intends to have) daily entries, while journal writing can be less frequent.
Although diaries can provide information for memoirs, autobiographies or biographies, it is generally written not to be published as is, but for the author's own use. In recent years, however, there is internal evidence in some diaries (eg Ned Rorem, Alan Clark, Tony Benn or Simon Gray) that they are written with eventual publication in mind, with the intention of self-justification (pre- or posthumous) or just a profit.
With the extension the term diary is also used to mean printed publications of a journal written; and may also refer to other journal terms including electronic formats (eg blogs).
Video Diary
Etymology
The word diary comes from the Latin diary ("daily allowance," from dies "day"). The word journals comes from the same root ( diatus "on that day") through the Old French journal (modern French for the day is jour ).
The earliest word usage refers to a book in which the notebook was written in comedy Ben Jonson Volpone in 1605.
Maps Diary
History
The oldest surviving diary comes from Middle Eastern and East Asian cultures, though earlier work first To Myself (???????), today known as Meditations , written in Greek by the Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius in the second half of the second century, has featured many diary characteristics. The pillow books belonging to Japanese court ladies and Asian travel journals offer several aspects of this genre of writing, although they rarely consist exclusively from diaries. Scholar Li Ao (9th century AD), for example, keeps his travel diary through southern China.
In the Near Middle Ages, Arabic diaries were written before the 10th century. The earliest surviving diary of this era that most closely resembles modern diaries is Ibn Banna 'book of the 11th century. His diaries are the earliest known books arranged in order of date ( ta'rikh in Arabic), much like modern diaries.
The precursor of the diary in the modern sense includes the diaries of medieval mystics, which are primarily concerned with inner emotions and external events considered spiritually important (eg Elizabeth of Schönnau, Agnes Blannbekin, and possibly, in the vernacular story lost about her vision, Beatrice of Nazareth).
Since the Renaissance, some people have wanted not only to record events, such as in history and medieval journeys, but also to lay their own opinions and express their hopes and fears, without the intention to publish this record. One of the earliest preserved examples was the anonymous Journal d'un bourgeois de Paris that included 1405-49 years, giving subjective comments on current events. Renaissance examples from the fourteenth to the sixteenth centuries, appearing later as books, are diaries by Florentines Buonaccorso Pitti and Gregorio Dati and Venetian Marino Sanuto the Younger. Here we find the notes of less important daily events along with many reflections, emotional experiences and personal impressions.
In 1908 the company Smythson invented the first feather diary, allowing diaries to carry.
Publish a diary
Many diaries of famous personalities have been published and form an important element of the autobiographical literature.
Samuel Pepys (1633-1703) is the earliest diary writer known today; his diary, kept in Magdalena College, Cambridge, was first transcribed and published in 1825. Pepys was among the first to take the diary out of business transaction notation, into the private realm. Pepe 'contemporary John Evelyn also keeps a famous diary, and their works are one of the most important sources for the British Recovery period, and comprise eyewitness accounts of many major events, such as the Great Plague of London, and the Great Fire of London.
The practice of publishing diaries of other literary and posthumous writers began in the 19th century. For example, the Grasmere Journal from Dorothy Wordsworth (1771-1855) was published in 1897; The journal Fanny Burney (1752-1840) published in 1889; Henry Crabb Robinson's diary (1776-1867) was published in 1869.
Among the important US Civil War records are George Templeton Strong, New York City lawyer, and Mary Chesnut, wife of a Confederate official. Jemima Condict's diary, who lives in what is now West Orange, New Jersey, includes local observations of the American Revolutionary War.
Since the 19th century the publication of diaries by their authors has become commonplace - especially among politicians seeking justification but also among artists and litterateurs of all descriptions. Among the books of British politics published in the 20th century, the books of Richard Crossman, Tony Benn, and Alan Clark represent, who have been less wise in Chips Channon's diary today. In Britain the famous diary art is published by James Lees-Milne, Roy Strong and Peter Hall.
One of the most famous modern diaries, widely read and translated, is a journal published by posthumous Anne Frank, who wrote it while hiding during the German occupation of Amsterdam in the 1940s. Otto Frank edited his daughters journal and arranged his publication after the War. Many edits were made before the diary was published in another country. This is because of sexually explicit material, which also causes some libraries to ban the book.
Diary writing is also often practiced from the 20th century onwards as a conscious self-exploration act (greater or lower sincerity) - examples being Carl Jung's diary, Aleister Crowley and AnaÃÆ'¯s Nin. Among the important diaries by literary figures of the 20th century are the work of Franz Kafka, Edmund Wilson and the French writer Paul LÃ © vaud (1872-1956). Self-Reflection The Diary: Divine Mercy in My Soul written by Saint Faustina contains stories of his visions and conversations with Jesus.
Strong psychological effects may arise from having an audience for one's self-expression, even if this is a book someone wrote, only read by himself - especially in difficulty. Anne Frank went so far as to call her diary a "Kitty." Friedrich Kellner, a court official in Nazi Germany, considers his diary as a weapon for every future war against tyranny and terrorism, and calls it "Mein Widerstand," "My Opposition." Victor Klemperer is also concerned about the recording for the future of Nazi Germany's tyranny and hypocrisy and the East German successor state in his diary. In these cases no writer anticipates the beginning - or indeed there is - publication.
Internet Diary
When internet access becomes publicly available, many people adopt it as another medium to perpetuate their lives with an additional dimension of the audience. The first online diary was considered Claudio Pinhanez's "Open Diary", published on the MIT Media Lab website from November 14, 1994 to 1996. Other online online diarist including Justin Hall, who started eleven years of personal online diary writing in 1994, Carolyn Burke, who began publishing "Carolyn's Diary" on January 3, 1995, and Bryon Sutherland, who announced his journal The Semi-Existence of Bryon in the USENET newsgroup on April 19, 1995.
The Internet has also served as a way to bring unpublished diaries to the attention of historians and other readers, such as the journal of Michael Shiner, a 19th-century slave who documents his life in Washington, D.C.
Web-based services such as Open Diary (started in October 1998) and LiveJournal (January 1999) soon emerged to streamline and automate online publishing, but growth in personal storytelling emerged with the advent of blogs. Although the format first focuses on external links and topical comments, the rapidly expanding blogging tool is used to create web journals. Recent advances have also been made to allow privacy of internet diary entries. For example, some diary software now stores entries in encrypted format, 256-bit AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) encryption, and others only allow access to the diary after the correct PIN entry on a secure USB device.
Digital diary
With the popularization of mobile apps, diaries or journal apps already available for iOS and Android. Proponents cite the following as the main reasons for writing journals with digital applications: The ease and speed of typing; mobile portability; search capability; location of entry, date and other metadata of the phone; and tags and other organizational features. Digital diaries also seem to be tailored to a shorter form, in the writing of moments, similar to user engagement with Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and other social media services.
Other forms of diary
Bulletproof
The bullet journal is a daily journal and planner by Ryder Carroll. The actions and tasks for the day are recorded in a quick log using symbols to differentiate and categorize items. The bullet journal is called BuJo.
Diet journal
Dietary journal or dietary diary is a daily diary of all foods and beverages consumed as a means of tracking calorie consumption for the purpose of weight loss or other nutritional monitoring.
Sleep diary
A sleep diary or a sleep note is a tool used in the diagnosis and treatment of sleep disorders or to trace dreams to gain insight into the subconscious or to contemplate further.
Tagebuch
The German Tagebuch ("day-book") is usually translated as a "diary" in English, but this term includes workbooks or work journals as well as a proper diary. For example, the notebooks of Austrian writer Robert Musil and German-Swiss artist Paul Klee are called TagebÃÆ'¼cher .
Journey journal
Travel journals, travel diaries, or travel journals, are travel documentation or a series of trips.
Diary of war
The diary of war is a periodically updated record of the administration and activities of military units during wartime organized by officers in the unit.
Diary fiction
There are many examples of fictitious diaries. One of the earliest printed printed fiction diaries is a funny Diary of a Nobody by George Grossmith and his brother Weedon. Examples of the 20th century include radio broadcasts (eg Mrs. Dale's Diary) and published books (eg Diaries of Adrian Mole ). Both were prompted for the long-standing satirical feature of the private Eye magazine: the first one titled Mrs Wilson's Diary refers to Mary Wilson, wife of Prime Minister Harold Wilson, most recently entitled "Secret Diary John Major Aged 47Ã,¾ "and was written as pastiche from Adrian Mole's diary from the perspective of Prime Minister John Major. Another notable example of a fictitious diary as prose is Bram Stoker Dracula . Modern examples include the Diary of a Wimpy Kid series where each book of the series is written in the first person's view of the main character, as if the book were an actual diary. Other examples are the Bert Diaries and the mobile diaries in the Japanese manga and the anime television series Future Diary .
See also
References
Further reading
- Ronald Blythe, The Pleasures of Diaries: Four Centuries of Private Writing (Pantheon, 1989, ISBNÃ, 0-394-58017-6) - this book contains a selection of (mostly ) The work of a British diarist.
External links
- Beginner's Guide to Digital Journaling
- Doodle Diaries
- Coloring Diary
- Lifetime - Day to Day: Five Women and Their Diaries , an online exhibition on the Archives of Ontario website
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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