A food pyramid or diet pyramid is a triangular diagram representing the optimal number of servings to eat each day from each of the basic food groups. The first pyramid was published in Sweden in 1974. The 1992 pyramid introduced by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) is called the "Food Pyramid". It was updated in 2005, and later replaced by MyPlate in 2011.
Video Food pyramid (nutrition)
Origin
In the midst of high food prices in 1972, the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare developed the idea of ​​a cheap and nutritious "staple food", and "supplementary food" that added nutrients lost from staple foods. Anna-Britt AgnsÃÆ'¤ter, head of the "test kitchen" for Kooperativa FÃÆ'¶rbundet (Swedish cooperative retail network), holds a lecture next year on how to illustrate these food groups. Participants Fjalar Clemes suggested a triangle displaying basic foods at the base. AgnsÃÆ'¤ter developed the idea into the first food pyramid, which was introduced to the public in 1974 in the KF Vi magazine. The pyramid is divided into basic foods at the base, including milk, cheese, margarine, bread, cereals and potatoes; large portions of vegetables and extra fruit; and additional meat, fish, and egg tops. The pyramid competed with the National Board's "food circle," which KF considered problematic because it resembled a cake divided into seven pieces, and because it did not show how much of each meal should be eaten. While the Council distanced itself from the pyramids, KF continues to promote it, and food pyramids are developed in other Scandinavian countries, as well as West Germany, Japan, and Sri Lanka. The United States then developed its first food pyramid in 1992.
Maps Food pyramid (nutrition)
Food pyramid published by WHO and FAO
The World Health Organization, together with the Food and Agriculture Organization, publishes guidelines that can effectively be represented in food pyramids that are related to the goal of preventing obesity, chronic diseases and dental caries based on meta-analysis even though they represent as a table rather than a "pyramid". The structure is similar in some ways to the USDA food pyramid, but there is a clear distinction between the types of fats, and the more dramatic differences in which carbohydrates are divided on the basis of sugar free versus sugar in their natural form. Some of the food substances chosen because of the impact on the "pyramid" target problem are meant to overcome, while in later revisions some recommendations are omitted because they follow automatically from other recommendations while other sub-categories are added. The report cited here explains that where there is no lower limit stated in the table below, there is no no requirement for such nutrients in the diet.
All percentages are calorie percentage , not weight or volume. To understand why, consider determining the "10% sugar free" amount to include in daily calories. For the same amount of calories, free sugars take up less volume and weight, refined and extracted from competing carbohydrates in their natural form . In the same way all goods are in competition for various categories of calories.
Representations as pyramids are not exact, and involve variations due to alternative percentages of different elements, but main parts can be represented.
USDA food pyramid
History
The USDA food pyramid was created in 1992 and divided into six horizontal sections containing food depictions from each section of the food group. It was updated in 2005 with a colorful vertical wedge replacing horizontal sections and renamed MyPyramid. MyPyramid is often displayed with non-existent food images, creating a more abstract design. In an effort to restructure nutritional food guidelines, the USDA launched a new MyPlate program in June 2011. My Plate is divided into four slightly different sized quadrants, with fruits and vegetables taking up half the space, and grains and protein putting together the others. half. The vegetable and grain sections are the largest of the four.
A modified food pyramid was proposed in 1999 for adults over the age of 70.
Vegetables
Vegetables are part of the plants consumed by humans that are generally tasty but not sweet. Vegetables are not considered grains, fruits, nuts, spices, or spices. For example, stems, roots, flowers, etc., can be eaten as vegetables. Vegetables contain lots of vitamins and minerals; However, different vegetables contain different spreads, so it's important to consume different types. For example, green vegetables usually contain vitamin A, dark orange and dark green vegetables contain vitamin C, and vegetables such as broccoli and related plants contain iron and calcium. Vegetables are very low in fat and calories, but ingredients added in preparation can often add to this.
Grains
These foods provide complex carbohydrates, which are an important source of energy, especially for low-fat eating plans. Examples include corn, wheat, pasta, and rice.
Fruits
In the case of food (not botany), fruits are parts of plants that contain sweet seeds, or sometimes a sweet, seedless part of the plant. This includes apples, oranges, grapes, bananas, etc. Fruits are low in calories and fat and are a source of natural sugars, fiber and vitamins. Processing fruits during canning or juicing can add sugar and eliminate nutrients. Fruit food groups are sometimes combined with plant-based foods. Note that a large number of different plant species produce seed pods that are considered fruits in botany, and there are a number of conventionally botanical fruits that are considered fruits in cooking because they do not have a distinctive sweet taste, for example, tomato or avocado.
Oil and candy
The tip of the food pyramid is the smallest part, so the fats and sweets at the top of the Food Pyramid should consist of the smallest percentage of the diet. Food at the top of the food pyramid should be eaten sparingly because they provide calories, but not much in the way of nutrition. These foods include salad dressings, oils, creams, butter, margarine, sugar, soft drinks, sweets, and sweet desserts.
Milk
Dairy products are produced from mammalian milk, usually but not exclusively cattle. They include milk, yogurt, and cheese. Milk and its derivatives are rich sources of calcium foods and also provide protein, phosphorus, vitamin A, and vitamin D. However, many dairy products are high in saturated fat and cholesterol compared to vegetables, fruits and whole grains, skim available as an alternative. Historically, adults are advised to consume three cups of dairy products per day. More recently, evidence suggests that dairy products have a greater negative effect on health than previously thought and provide fewer benefits. For example, recent research has shown that dairy products are not associated with stronger bones or fewer fractures; on the other hand, other studies have shown that milk consumption (and yoghurt) results in higher bone mineral density in the hip. Overall, the majority of studies show that milk has some beneficial effects on bone health, in part because of other nutrients from milk.
Meat and nuts
Meat is a tissue - usually muscle - from animals consumed by humans. Since most of the many animals can be eaten, there is a wide variety of meats. Meat is the main source of protein, as well as iron, zinc, and vitamin B12. Meat, poultry, and fish include beef, chicken, pork, salmon, tuna, shrimp, and eggs.
The meat group is one of the main food groups that is compacted in food guides pyramids. Many of the same nutrients found in meat can also be found in foods such as eggs, dried beans, and nuts, the food is usually placed in the same category as meat, as an meat alternative . This includes tofu, a meat or fish-like product but made with soy, egg, and cheese. For those who do not eat meat or animal products ( see Vegetarianism, veganism and Taboo food and drink ), meat analogs, tofu, beans, nuts, peas, peanuts and other high-protein vegetables are also included in the group this. The food guide pyramid shows that adults eat 2-3 servings per day. One serving of meat is 4 oz (110 g), the size of a deck of cards.
Controversy
Certain dietary choices that have been linked to heart disease, such as 8 hr (230 g) servings of hamburger daily, are technically allowed under the pyramid. The pyramid also has no differentiation in the protein rich group ("Meat, Poultry, Fish, Dried Beans, Eggs, and Nuts").
In April 1991, the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) stopped the publication of its Food Rights Pyramid, due to objections filed by meat and milk depiction groups regarding the display of their product guides. Regardless of the USDA's explanation that this guide requires more research and testing, less than a year later - once the content is supported by additional research - that the Right Eating Pyramid is officially released. This time, even the graphic design guide was changed to allay industry concerns. This incident is just one of many in which the food industry seeks to change the federal dietary recommendations in their own economic interests.
A portion of the recommended amount for various food items in the old pyramid was also criticized for lack of clarity. For example, the pyramid recommends two to three portions of the protein-rich group, but this is intended to be maximum. The pyramid recommends two to four portions of fruit, but this is intended to be the minimum.
The whole fat group has been placed at the end of the pyramid, under the direction to eat as little as possible, which is mostly problematic. Under the guidelines, one will assume to avoid fat and fatty foods, which can cause health problems. For one, fat is very important in a person's general sustainability. Research shows that unsaturated fats help to lose weight, reduce the risk of heart disease, lower blood sugar, and even lower cholesterol. Also, they are very long-lasting, and help keep blood sugar at a stable level. In addition, this fat helps the brain function as well.
Some books have claimed that food and agricultural associations exert undue political force on the USDA. The food industry, such as dairies, has been accused of influencing the US Department of Agriculture to create colored spots on food pyramids that are newly made larger for their specialty products. The milk portion has been claimed to be the easiest to see from six parts of the pyramid, making the individual believe that more milk should be consumed daily than others. In addition, incorporating milk as the group itself implies that this is an important part of a healthy diet, although many people are lactose intolerant or choose to abstain from dairy products, and some cultures that historically consume little if any dairy products. Joel Fuhrman said in his book Eat to Live that US taxpayers should contribute $ 20 billion in price support to artificially reduce the price of animal feed to benefit the dairy, beef and veal industries, and then pay bills medical. for overweight populations. He asked if the USDA was under the influence of the food industry, because the food-based pyramid based on science would have vegetables in its foundation.
This controversy led to the creation of a pyramid for a particular audience, especially the Mediterranean pyramid in 1993 and several Vegetarian Diet Pyramids.
Alternative
The Harvard School of Public Health proposes a healthy eating pyramid, which includes calcium and multi-vitamin supplements as well as moderate amounts of alcohol, as an alternative to the Food Pandu Pyramid. Many observers believe that the Harvard pyramid follows the results of nutritional research published in peer-reviewed scientific journals more closely. But in their book Fantastic Voyage: Live Long Enough to Live Forever, published in 2004, Ray Kurzweil and Terry Grossman MD, point out that the guidelines provided at Harvard Pyramid fail to distinguish between healthy and unhealthy oils.. In addition, whole-grain foods are prioritized over vegetables, which should not be so, since vegetables have lower glycemic loads. Another observation is that fish should be given a higher priority because of their high omega-3 content, and that high fat dairy products should be excluded. Alternatively, the authors postulate a new food pyramid, emphasizing low glycemic vegetables, healthy fats, such as avocados, nuts and seeds, lean animal protein, fish, and extra virgin olive oil.
"MyPlate"
University of Michigan Integrative Medicine's Healing Foods Pyramid emphasizes plant-based choice, variety and balance. This includes parts for herbs and water as well as healthy fats.
MyPlate is the latest nutrition guideline published by the US Department of Agriculture, which describes the setting of places with plates and glasses divided into five food groups. This replaces the USDA MyPyramid guidelines on June 2, 2011, which concludes the 19-year USDA food pyramid diagram.
See also
- Food and Nutrition Service
- Alternative Food Wheeling Interpretation of the Food Guide Pyramid
- Fruit & amp; Vegetables - More More
- Healthy diet
- Healthy eating pyramid
- USDA nutrition guide history
- Human nutrition
- List of nutrition guides
- Nutrition Education
- The Overall Nutrition Quality Index
References
External links
- USDA Diet Guides
- Tufts Researchers Update Their Food Guide Pyramid for Older Adults
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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