German-American Relations is a historic relationship between Germany and the United States at the official level, including diplomacy, alliances, and warfare. This topic also covers economic relations such as trade and investment, demography and migration, and cultural and intellectual exchange since the 1680s.
Video Germany-United States relations
Ikhtisar
Prior to 1900, the major factors in German-American relations were the immense movements of immigrants from Germany to American States (especially Pennsylvania) and to the Midwestern United States and central Texas throughout the 18th and 19th centuries.
There is also a significant movement of philosophical ideas that influence American thinking. German achievements in public and tertiary schools greatly impressed American educators; the American education system is based on the Prussian education system. Thousands of American advanced students - especially scientists and historians, study at Germany's elite universities. There is a bit of movement in the other direction: some Americans have permanently moved to Germany, and few German intellectuals have studied in America or moved to the United States before 1933. Economic relations were not so important before 1920. Diplomatic relations were friendly but not important. to both sides before the 1870s.
After the German Unification in 1871, Germany became a major force of the world. Both countries build world-class navies and embark on imperialistic expansions around the world. This led to small-scale conflicts over the Samoa islands, the Second Samoan Civil War. It reached a crisis in 1898 when Germany, Great Britain and the United States debated who should take the reins. The conflict was resolved with the Tripartite Convention in 1899 when the two countries divided Samoa among them.
After 1898, the United States alone became much more involved in international diplomacy and found itself occasionally in disputes but more often in agreement with Germany. At the beginning of the 20th century, the resurgence of a strong German Navy and its role in Latin America and the Caribbean complicated American military strategists. Relationships are sometimes tense, as in the Venezuelan crisis of 1902-03 but everything is solved.
The United States tried to remain neutral in the First World War, but it provided more trade and financial support to Britain and the Allies, which controlled Atlantic routes. Germany works to undermine American interests in Mexico. In 1917 Germany's offer of a military alliance against the US in Zimmermann Telegram contributed to America's decision to war. The German submarine attack on British shipping, especially the sinking of the Lusitania passenger ship without allowing civilian passengers to reach the lifeboat, angered American opinion. Germany approved the US demands to stop such attacks but reversed its position in early 1917 to win the war quickly. Berlin mistakenly thinks that the US Army and the Navy are so weak that they will not play a decisive role.
The US public opposed the Treaty of Versailles punishable in 1919, and both countries signed a separate peace agreement in 1921. In the 1920s, American diplomats and bankers provided substantial assistance to rebuild the German economy. When Hitler and the Nazis took power in 1933, American public opinion was very negative. The relationship between the two countries changed sour after 1938.
A large number of intellectuals, scientists and artists found protection from the Nazis in the United States, but American immigration policy severely limited the number of Jewish refugees. Washington provided significant military and financial assistance to Britain and France. Germany declared war on the United States in December 1941, so Washington made the Nazi Germany's defeat the highest priority. The United States played a major role in the German occupation and reconstruction after 1945. The United States provided billions of dollars of aid through the Marshall Plan to rebuild the German economy. Relations between the two countries are very positive, in terms of democratic ideals, anti-communism, and high levels of economic trade.
Today, the United States is one of Germany's closest allies and partners outside the European Union. People from both countries see each other as a reliable ally; however, they disagree on some major policy issues. America wants Germany to play a more active military role, but Germany strongly disagrees.
Maps Germany-United States relations
Country comparison
Leaders Germany and the United States from 1991
German immigration to the United States
For over three centuries, immigration from Germany accounted for most of all American immigrants. In the 2000 US Census, more than 20% of Americans, and 25% of white Americans, claim German descent. The German-Americans are an assimilation group that influences political life in the US as a whole. They are the most self-reported ethnic group in the northern part of the United States, especially in the Midwest. In most of the South, German Americans are less common, with the exception of Florida and Texas.
1683-1848
The first entry dates the immigration of Germany back to the 17th century and the Germantown foundation near Philadelphia in 1683. Immigration from Germany to the US reached its first peak between 1749 and 1754 when about 37,000 Germans came to North America.
1848-1914
Since 1848, some seven million Germans have emigrated to the United States. Many of these Germans settled in the cities of Chicago, Detroit and New York. The failed German revolution of 1848 accelerated the emigration of Germany. The Germans who went as a result of the revolution were called Forty Eight. Between the revolution and the start of World War I, more than a million Germans settled in the United States.
These Germans had difficulty as a result of the overcrowded ship; Typhoid fever spread rapidly across the vessel because of its narrow conditions. On average, it takes six months for Germans to go to the United States and many die on the way to the New World.
By 1890, more than 40 percent of the city population of Cleveland, Milwaukee, Hoboken and Cincinnati came from Germany. Toward the end of the nineteenth century, the Germans formed the largest ethnic group in the United States and their customs became a powerful element in American society and culture.
German-American political participation is focused on involvement in the labor movement. Germans in America have a strong influence on the labor movement in the United States. The newly established union allows German immigrants to improve their working conditions and to integrate into American society.
Since 1914
The combination of patriotism and anti-German sentiment during the two world wars caused most German-Americans to trim their old ties and assimilate into mainstream American culture. During the Third Reich period, Germany had another major emigration wave of German Jews and other political refugees.
Today, German-Americans form the largest self-reported ancestral group in the United States with California and Pennsylvania having the highest number of German Americans.
Diplomacy and commerce
During the American Revolution (1775-1783) King Frederick the Great of Prussia hated England because they had abandoned it in 1761, during the Seven Years War. He now liked France and hampered the British war effort in a subtle way, such as blocking Hessian's path. However, English trade is too important to be harmed and there is a risk of attack from Austria, so he pursues a policy of peace and maintains strict official neutrality.
After the war, direct trade between the American ports of Philadelphia and Baltimore and the old Hanseatic ports of Bremen, Hamburg, and Luebeck grew steadily. America exports tobacco, rice, cotton, sugar, and imported textiles, metal products, cologne, brandy and toiletries. The Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815) and the increasing instability in Germany caused a decline in economic relations between the United States and Hanse. The level of trade never approached matching trade with Britain, and it was stalled because the US postponed commercial agreements until 1827. American diplomacy was ineffective, but the commercial consuls, local businessmen, handled their jobs so well that the United States succeeded in developing diplomatic relations with Prussia. However, trading is minimal.
Prussia took the initiative, sending trade experts to Washington DC in 1834. The first permanent American diplomat came in 1835, when Henry Wheaton was sent to Prussia. The US Secretary of State said that "there is no single point of controversy between the two countries calling for adaptation, and that their commercial relations, under the terms of the treaty, are committed to the principles of mutual liberal and enlightened... which gradually make their way to narrow prejudices and the damaging effects of the barrier system. "
During the American Civil War, the German states all favored the Union, but did not play a major role. In 1876 the German commissioner for the Hundred Exhibition in Philadelphia declared that German armaments, machines, arts, and crafts on display were of lower quality for British and American products. Germany industrialized quickly but more competition with England than with the United States. He bought a large number of American agricultural products, mainly cotton, wheat and tobacco, but tried to block American meat.
After unification in 1871, Germany built a world-class navy, and embarked on a worldwide imperialistic expansion. In the South Pacific, Samoa's strategic location attracts Americans, Germans and British. They began to conflict in the 1880s; in 1899, the islands were divided between the United States and Germany. The United States took full control in 1914.
Caribbean
At the end of the nineteenth century the German Navy (Kaiserliche Marine) attempted to establish a coal loading station somewhere in the Caribbean. Germany quickly build world-class navies, but coal-fired warships require frequent refueling and can only operate within range of loading stations. The initial plan was vetoed by Chancellor Otto von Bismarck, who did not want to be hostile to the US. He was overthrown in 1890, and the Germans continued searching.
The German naval planner of the era 1890-1910 denounced the Monroe Doctrine as a encouraging legal prejudice. They are even more concerned with possible American channels, because it will lead to American hegemony in the Caribbean. The stakes were laid out in the purpose of the German war proposed by the Navy in 1903: a "strong position in the West Indies," "free hands in South America," and the "revocation of the official Monroe Doctrine" would provide the basis for "our trade to the West Indies, Central and South America. " In 1900, "American naval planners obsessed with German design in the hemisphere and retaliated with energetic efforts to secure naval sites in the Caribbean."
In the Venezuelan Crisis of 1902-1903, Britain and Germany sent warships to the Venezuelan blockade after failing to repay their foreign loans. Germany intends to land troops and occupy the ports of Venezuela, but US President Theodore Roosevelt forces Germany to withdraw by sending its own fleet and threatening war if Germany lands.
In 1904, German naval strategists had diverted their attention to Mexico, where they hoped to set up a naval base at a Mexican port in the Caribbean. They dropped the plan, but became active again after 1911, the beginning of the Mexican Civil War.
World War I
During World War I, the United States initially sought isolation, but eventually joined forces with the Allies. The German Navy waged an unlimited battle across the Atlantic Ocean that often resulted in American casualties. Berlin refuses to stop unrestricted naval bombardment. In the end, Telegram Zimmermann, a secret message sent from the German Empire to Mexico was the catalyst that brought America into war. The details of the plan angered Americans; Germany suggested an invasion of the United States by Mexico if America entered the war. This will keep the US from sending troops to Europe and Germany will still be able to launch an unlimited sea war to cut Britain's supply. In return, when the war was won by the Central Bloc, Mexico would be rewarded with territory lost during the Mexican-American War.
President Woodrow Wilson convinced Congress to declare war on Germany in April 1917. The United States expects to provide money, ammunition, food and raw materials but do not expect a large contingent of the same troop until Washington realizes how weak the Allies are on the Western Front. After Russia's exit from the war in late 1917, Germany was able to reallocate 600,000 experienced troops to their Western Front. American troops arrived in large numbers in the summer of 1918, replacing all losses of the allies while the British Army shrank from day to day.
In the United States, the loyalty of the German-Americans is often challenged. Significant German cultural impact is seen with intense animosity and suspicion. Germany is portrayed as a threat to American freedom and way of life. In Germany, the United States is another enemy and denounces as a false liberator, who wants to rule Europe itself. When the war ended, the Germans embraced the Wilsonian promises of a just peace treaty.
Interwar
1920s
Positive economic and diplomatic relations during the 1920s. The United States Government rejected the harsh Versailles anti-German Treaty of 1920, and signed a new peace treaty that did not involve penalties for Germany, and worked with Britain to create a viable Euro-Atlantic peace system. Ambassador Alanson B. Houghton (1922-25) believed that world peace, European stability, and American prosperity depended on the economic reconstruction and political system of Europe. He sees his role as promoting American political engagement with Europe. He overcame domestic opposition, and was not interested in Washington. He quickly realized that the central issue of the day was all entangled in the economy, especially the debt wars owed by the Allies to the United States, reparations owed by Germany to the Allies, world inflation, and international trade and investment. The solution, he believes, needs new policy by Washington and close cooperation with Britain and Germany. He is the main promoter of the Dawes Plan.
Although high German culture despises American culture, jazz is widely accepted by the younger generation. Hollywood has a huge influence, as does Detroit's industrial efficiency model.
The German influence on American society was limited during that period. The flow of migration to the United States is small, and young American scholars rarely attend German universities for graduate work.
The US government leads through the Dawes Plan and Young Plans.
New York banks play a major role in financing the rebuilding of the German economy. The German right is suspicious of modernity as represented by the United States.
Nazi Era 1933-41
Public opinion in the US is very negative against Nazi Germany and Hitler, but there is also a strong aversion to war and attachment in European politics. The Roosevelt government publicly praised the Munich Accord of 1938 to avoid a war but personally realized it was a delay that demanded a rapid return race. The formal relationship was cool until November 1938, then it became very cold. The main event was American retaliation against Kristallnacht, a national German offensive against Jewish and Jewish institutions. The pacifist religious groups also became unfriendly. Although the total flow of refugees from Germany to the US was relatively small during the 1930s, many intellectuals have fled and resettled in the United States. Many Jews. Catholic University is reinforced by the arrival of German Catholic intellectuals in exile, such as Waldemar Gurian in Notre Dame.
Hollywood films edited for Nazi Germany.
World War II and the modern era
When the Second World War began in September 1939, the US was officially neutral until December 1941 when Germany declared war on US foreign policy Franklin Roosevelt greatly benefited England (and France) over Germany in 1939-41. The United States played a central role in the defeat of Axis Powers, meaning the relationship between Berlin and Washington, D.C. very unpleasant. Nazi Germany used the participation of America as one of the leaders of the Allies for its vast propaganda value - the famous "LIBERATOR" poster from 1944 is perhaps the most powerful example.
In the poster, shown in this article, the United States is portrayed as a fierce cruel war machine that seeks to destroy European culture. The poster alludes to many negative aspects of American history, including the Ku Klux Klan, the oppression of Native Americans, and the death penalty against blacks. The poster condemned American capitalism, American dominance felt by Judaism and showed American bombs destroying a powerless European village. However, the Americans launched several propaganda campaigns in return for Nazi Germany which often portray Nazi Germany as a low-wage war-agitating country, and brainwashing schemes.
Post-war
Following the defeat of the Third Reich, American troops were one of the occupying forces in postwar Germany. In line with the denazification and "disarmament industry" of Americans united with Germany. The Berlin Airlift from 1948-1949 and the Marshall Plan (1948-1952) further enhanced German perceptions of Americans.
Cold War
The rise of the Cold War made the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) a border of democratic Western European countries and the presence of the American military became an integral part of West German society. The American presence may have helped smooth the strange postwar relationships, had they not been under the protection of the army and the greatest intact economy. This reduces lag before precursor formation into the EU at the moment, and can be seen as a silent benefit of Pax Americana. During the Cold War, West Germany developed into the largest economy in Europe and West-West Germany. the relationship evolved into a new transatlantic partnership. Germany and the US share most of their culture, build an intensive global trading environment and continue to work together in new high technology. However, German-American cooperation is not always free from the tension between different approaches on both sides of the Atlantic. The fall of the Berlin Wall and subsequent German reunification marks a new era in German-American relations.
US. and East Germany
Relations between the United States and East Germany remain hostile. The United States followed the Hall of Adenauer Doctrine of 1955, stating that recognition by the East German state would be treated as an act of unkindness by West Germany. The relationship between the two Germania slightly melted in the 1970s, as part of the overall tente between East and West. The United States recognized East Germany formally in September 1974, when Erich Honecker was the leader of the East German party. To counter the risk of internal liberalization on his regime, Honecker enlarges the Stasi from 43,000 to 60,000 agents.
The East German regime implements an official ideology that is reflected in all media and all schools. The official line states that the United States has led to the outbreak of the coalition against Adolf Hitler and has become a bulwark of reactions around the world, with great dependence on the hot war for the benefit of "killer international terrorists on Wall Street." East Germany has a heroic role to play as a front line against evil Americans. But some Germans believe it. They have seen quite a lot of Russians since 1945 - half a million Soviets were still stationed in East Germany in late 1989. Furthermore, they got information from relatives in the West, as well as Radio Free Europe broadcasts in America, and West German media. The Communist media officially mocks American cultural modernism and cosmopolitanism, and denigrates the characteristics of the American lifestyle, especially jazz and rock 'n roll. The East German regime relies heavily on the strict control of youth organizations to rally them, with little success, against popular American culture. The older generation is more concerned with poor quality food, housing and clothing, which is in stark contrast to the prosperity of West Germany. Professionals in East Germany are supervised for any sign of deviation from party lines; their rights are threatened. The solution was to obey or escape to West Germany, which was relatively easy before the repression and the Berlin wall in 1961. The Americans saw East Germany only as a Moscow puppet, with no independent possibilities.
Post-1990
During the early 1990s the united Germany was called "partnership in leadership" when the US emerged as the world's only superpower.
German efforts to incorporate major military action into the slow-growing European Security and Defense Policy did not meet US expectations during the Gulf War. After the September 11 attacks, German-American political ties were strengthened in the fight against terrorism, and Germany sent troops into Afghanistan as part of NATO forces. However, the dispute continued during the Iraq War, when then German Chancellor Gerhard SchrÃÆ'¶der and foreign minister Joschka Fischer made efforts to prevent the war and consequently did not join the US and Britain leading the multinational forces in Iraq. Anti-Americanism rose to the fore after the September 11, 2001 attacks as a hostile German intellectual argued that there was a bad relationship between globalization, Americanization, and terrorism.
In response to mass supervision disclosure in 2013, Germany canceled the 1968 intelligence sharing agreement with the US and the UK.
In July 2014, two Bundesnachrichtendienst officials were arrested by federal prosecutors for allegedly spying on the German government for C.I.A. Chancellor Angela Merkel asked the CIA's activities coordinator at the US Embassy in Berlin to leave her diplomatic post. In response to the arrest, Merkel said, "Seen with good common sense, spying on friends and allies is a waste of energy.In cold war it may be a case of mutual distrust.We are today living in the 21st century." following the revelation that the NSA tapped the chancellor's mobile phone. German efforts to be included in the US non-spy pact with Britain, New Zealand, Australia and Canada have not yielded results. Merkel on July 18, 2014 says trust can only be restored through talks and Germany will seek to hold such talks. He asserted that the United States was Germany's most important ally, and none of their relations would change. Nevertheless, German government officials in Berlin strengthen counterintelligence and plan new security measures to anticipate a cold freeze with the United States.
In May 2017, Angela Merkel met with US president Donald Trump. Trump's nationalism sentiment is tense with several EU countries and other American allies, to the point where Merkel said after the NATO summit "The times when we can be totally dependent on others, to some extent, more," This comes after Trump having said "Germany is evil, very bad" and "Look at the millions of cars they sell to the US Terrible We'll stop this."
Perception and values ​​in both countries
Exploitation of armed forces on the American border plays a major role in American folklore, fiction and film. The same story became very popular in Germany, which produced its own novels and movies about the American border. Karl May (1842-1912) is a German writer famous for his adventure novels based in Old American West. The main characters are Winnetou and Old Shatterhand. German charm with Native Americans dates from the early 19th century; the literature is thick. Usually they focus on "Indian-ness" and authenticity.
Germany and the United States are civil society. The German philosophical heritage and American spirit for "freedom" adheres to the central aspect of Western culture and Western civilization. Though developed under different geographical arrangements, the Age of Enlightenment is essential to the dignity and understanding of both nations.
The US-led invasion of Iraq changed the US perception in Germany significantly. A BBC World Service 2013 poll showed that 35% found a positive American influence while 39% viewed it negatively. The two countries differ in many key areas, such as energy and military intervention.
A survey conducted on behalf of the German embassy in 2007 shows that America continues to regard Germany's failure to support the war in Iraq as a major disruption in relations between the two countries. However, the issue is declining, and Americans still regard Germany as the fourth most important international partner behind Britain, Canada and Japan. America considers economic cooperation the most positive aspect of US-German relations with the much smaller role played by Germany in US politics.
Among Western European countries, Germany's public perception of the United States is unusual because it constantly fluctuates back and forth from moderately positive in 2002 (60%), became very negative in 2007 (30%), returning to somewhat positive in 2012 (52%), and very negative in 2017 (20%), reflecting the sharply polarized and sharp feelings of the Germans for the United States.
Anti-Americanism
During the Cold War, anti-Americanism was the official government policy in East Germany, and dissidents were punished. In West Germany, anti-Americanism is a common position on the left, but the majority praise the United States as a protector against Communism and an important ally in rebuilding the country. After 1990, the Communist Party in the East fought with a new name, "Die Linke", and retained their old anti-American position. Today, he warned that America is planning to undermine Germany's friendly relations with Russia. Germany's refusal to support the US-led invasion of Iraq in 2003 is often seen as a manifestation of anti-Americanism. Anti-Americanism has been silenced on the right since 1945, but reappeared in the 21st century, especially in the Alternative Party for Germany (AfD) which started opposing the EU, and has now become anti-American and anti-immigrant. The turmoil or distrust of Americans increased in 2013 by US spy disclosures against high-ranking German officials, including Chancellor Angela Merkel.
Military relations
German-American military relations began in the Revolution when German forces fought on both sides. Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben, a former Captain in the Prussian Army, was appointed the Inspector General of the Continental Army and played a leading role in training American troops to the best European standards. Von Steuben is considered one of the founding fathers of the United States Army, despite his homosexuality.
Another German who served during the American Revolution was Major General Johann de Kalb, who served under Horatio Gates at the Battle of Camden and died as a result of some of the wounds he suffered during the battle.
Around 30,000 German mercenaries fought for Britain, with 17,000 hired from Hesse, numbering about one in four of the adult male population of the kingdom. The Hessians were fighting under their own officers under British command. Leopold Philip de Heister, Wilhelm von Knyphausen, and Baron Friedrich Wilhelm von Lossberg were the main generals who led these forces with Frederick Christian Arnold, Freiherr von Jungkenn as senior German officers.
German Americans are very influential in the American military. Some important figures include Brigadier General August Kautz, Major General Franz Sigel, General of the Army John J. Pershing, General Dwight D. Eisenhower, Rear Adm. Chester Nimitz, and General Norman Schwarzkopf, Jr.
Germany and the United States are members of a joint NATO. The US currently has about 30,000 American troops stationed in southern Germany. During the Cold War, the number of US troops based in West Germany was much higher. Both countries have worked closely together in the War on Terror, with Germany providing more troops than any other nation. Both nations; However, it has opposed the position of public policy in the War in Iraq. Although Germany may have blocked US efforts to secure UN Resolutions in war development, they continue to support US interests in Southeast Asia in secret. The German army operates military biological and chemical cleaning equipment at Camp Doha in Kuwait; German Navy vessels secure sea lanes to prevent attacks by Al Qaeda on US Armed Forces and equipment in the Persian Gulf; and soldiers from the German Bundeswehr were deployed throughout southern Germany to the US Military Base to perform the task of Forced Protection in lieu of the German-based US Army deployed to the Iraq War. The last mission took place from 2002 to 2006. In 2006 almost all of these Bundeswehr have been demobilized.
The United States established a permanent military presence in Germany during the Second World War that continued throughout the Cold War and was subsequently withdrawn in the early 21st century, with the last American tank withdrawn from Germany in 2013. The American tanks return next year. , when the gaps in multinational training opportunities are addressed.
Economic relationship
Economic relations between Germany and the United States are largely undisturbed. The Transatlantic Economic Partnership between the US and the EU, launched in 2007 on the initiative of Germany, and the Transatlantic Economic Council, which was subsequently formed, opened up additional opportunities. The US is Germany's main trading partner outside the EU and Germany is the most important US trade partner in Europe. In terms of the total volume of US bilateral trade (imports and exports), Germany remains in fifth place, behind Canada, China, Mexico, and Japan. The US ranks fourth among German trading partners, after the Netherlands, China and France. By the end of 2013, bilateral trade is worth $ 162 billion.
Germany and the US are important to each other as an investment destination. By the end of 2012, bilateral investment is worth $ 320 billion, US $ 199 billion of direct German investment in the US and US direct investment in Germany $ 121 billion.
By the end of 2012, US direct investment in Germany reached about 121 billion US dollars, an increase of nearly 14 percent compared with the previous year (about $ 106 billion). During the same period, German direct investment in the US amounted to about $ 199 billion, below the level of the previous year (about $ 215 billion). Germany is the eighth largest foreign investor in the US, after Britain, Japan, the Netherlands, Canada, France, Switzerland and Luxembourg, and ranks eleven as a US foreign direct investment destination.
Cultural relations
Karl May is a prolific German writer specializing in Western writing. Although he only visited America once towards the end of his life, May provided Germany with a series of border novels, which gave Germany an imaginary view of America.
Leading German-American architects, artists, musicians and writers include:
- Josef Albers, artist and educator
- Albert Bierstadt, known for its luxurious and expansive landscape in the West of America
- Philip K. Dick, author
- Walter Gropius, architect
- Albert Kahn, architect
- Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, architect
- Paul Hindemith, composer
- Philip Johnson, architect
- Otto Klemperer, conductor
- Henry Miller, author
- Les Paul, guitarist
- Carl Schurz, politician and author
- Dr. Seuss, writer and illustrator
- Alfred Stieglitz, photographer
- Kurt Vonnegut, author
Germany occupies the third position after Spain and France among foreign languages ​​taught in high school, college, and American universities. In contrast, almost half the German population can speak English well.
Research and academic exchanges
The contributions of German and American scientists to various fields of science are numerous. Cooperation between academics from both countries is vast. Since the mid-20th century, German scientists have made an invaluable contribution to the advancement of American technology. For example, Wernher von Braun, who built the German V-2 rocket, and his team of scientists came to the United States and became a center in building an American space exploration program.
After World War II and during the Cold War, Operation Paperclip was the program of the United States Secret Intelligence Agency (JIOA) where more than 1,600 German scientists, engineers and engineers (many of whom were members of the previously registered Nazi Party and some leadership roles in the Nazi Party), including rocket team Wernher von Braun, recruited and taken to the United States for post-Nazi German government work.
Researchers at German and American universities run various exchange programs and projects, and focus on space exploration, the International Space Station, environmental technology, and medical science. Import cooperation is also in the field of biochemistry, engineering, information technology and communication and life sciences (network through: Bacatec, DAAD). The United States and Germany signed a bilateral Agreement on Science and Technology Cooperation in February 2010.
American cultural institutions in Germany
In the postwar era, a number of institutions, aimed at highlighting American culture and society in Germany, were established and exist today, especially in southern Germany, the territory of the former US Occupied Territories. Today, they offer English courses as well as cultural programs.
Diplomatic mission
- Embassy of the United States, Berlin
- The German Embassy, ​​Washington, D.C.
See also
- German Americans
- Germany in the United States
- German interests in the Caribbean
- The history of German foreign policy
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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