Happening

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A happen is a performance, event, or situation that is meant to be considered art, usually as a performing arts. The term was first used by Allan Kaprow during the 1950s to describe events related to art or some events.

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It happens everywhere and is often multi-disciplinary, with nonlinear narratives and active participation from the audience. Key elements of the event are planned but artists sometimes maintain room for improvisation. This aspect of new media art for the occurrence of eliminating the boundary between the artwork and its performers.

In the late 1960s, perhaps due to depictions in hippie cultural films, the term was used much less specifically to mean every meeting of interests from hall room meetings or jamming some young people to a beer blast or a lavish formal party..

Maps Happening

History

Origins

Allan Kaprow first coined the term "happened" in the spring of 1957 in an art picnic at George Segal's farm to describe the ongoing artwork. The first appearance in the print was the famous "Legacy of Jackson Pollock" written by Kaprow published in 1958 but was mainly written in 1956. "Happening" also appeared in print in one edition of Rutgers University's literary magazine, Anthologist . The form is imitated and the term is adopted by artists throughout the US, Germany, and Japan. Jack Kerouac calls Kaprow "The Happenings man," and an ad showing a woman floating in space states, "I dream I'm going on my Maidenform bra."

Happenings are hard to describe, in part because each is unique and completely different from each other. One definition comes from Wardrip-Fruin and Montfort in New Media Reader , "The term 'Happening' has been used to describe many performances and events, held by Allan Kaprow and others during the 1950s and 1960s, including a number of theatrical productions that are traditionally written and only invite limited audience interactions. "Another definition is," a deliberately designed theater form in which diverse alogical elements, including non-matrix performances, are organized into structures which is compiled ". However, Canadian critic and playwright Gary Botting, who himself has "built" some events, wrote in 1972: "Events leave the story and plot matrix for an equally complex matrix of events and events."

Kaprow is a student of John Cage, who has experimented with "musical happenings" at Black Mountain College since 1952. Kaprow combines theater and visual art with discordant music. "It entailed the use of a large construction or sculpture similar to that suggested by Artaud," Botting wrote, which also compares it with Dada's "impermanent art". "An event explores negative space in the same way.Cage explores silence.This is a form of symbolism: action related to 'now' or the fantasy that comes from life, or structures composed of events that appeal to the symbolic association of archetypes." A "Happening" of the same performance will have different results because each performance depends on the action of the audience. In New York City in particular, "Happenings" became very popular even though many did not see or experience it.

It can be a participative new media art form, emphasizing the interaction between the player and the audience. In his book Water , Robert Whitman has players wetting each other with colored water. "A girl squirm between the deep wet tubes, eventually fighting through a large silver vulva." Claes Oldenburg, renowned for his innovative statues, using an empty house, his own shop, and the parking lot of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics in Los Angeles for Injun , World's Fair II > and AUT OBO DYS . The idea is to break the fourth wall between the player and the audience; with audience involvement as a player, objective criticism turns into subjective support. For some occasions, everyone present includes art-making and even art forms depending on audience engagement, as they are the key factor in which players' spontaneity leads.

The next incident does not have a rule of thumb, just a vague guideline followed by a player based on the surrounding props. Unlike other forms of art, the possibilities for entry are always changing. When opportunities determine the course of performance to be followed, there is no room for failure. As Kaprow wrote in his essay, "'Happenings' in the New York Scene," "Visitors to Happening now and then are not sure what happened, when it's over, even when things are 'wrong." For when something' wrong ', something far more' true ', more revelatory, has appeared many times ".

The Kaprow Piece 18 Happenings in 6 Parts (1959) is usually referred to as the first to occur, although the distinction is sometimes given in appearance 1952 Theater Piece no. 1 at Black Mountain College by John Cage, one of Kaprow's teachers in the mid-1950s. Cage stood reading from the stairs, Charles Olson reading from the other stairs, Robert Rauschenberg showed some of his paintings and played a wax cylinder ÃÆ' â € ° dith Piaf on Edison's horn recorder, David Tudor performing in prepared piano and Merce Cunningham dancing. All of these things happen at the same time, in the audience rather than on the stage. It developed in New York City in the late 1950s and early 1960s. Top contributors to the form include Carolee Schneemann, Red Grooms, Robert Whitman, Jim Dine Car Accidents, Claes Oldenburg, Robert Delford Brown, Lucas Samaras, and Robert Rauschenberg. Some of their work is documented in Michael Kirby's Happenings (1966). Interestingly, Kaprow claims that "some of us will become famous, and we will prove once again that the only success happens when there is a shortage of it". In 1963 Wolf Vostell made Happening TV Burying at the Yam Festival in coproduction with Smolin Gallery and in 1964 Happening You in Great Neck, New York.

During the summer of 1959, Red Grooms together with others (Yvonne Andersen, Bill Barrell, Sylvia Small and Dominic Falcone) held a non-narrative "game" of Walking Man, which began with the sound of construction, such as sawmill. Grooms recalled, "The curtain opened by me, playing a fire brigade wearing a simple costume white pants and a T-shirt with a poncholike robe and a Smokey Stoverish extinguisher.Bill, 'star' in a tall hat and black coat, paced up and down the stage with motion - a nice wooden move.Yvonne sits on the floor with a suspended fire engine.He is a blind woman with tin-covered glasses and glasses Sylvia plays the radio and stops hanging garbage. "I hid in front of a fake door and shouted the word - pop code word. Then the players do a wild run and end. "Dubbing 148 Delancey Street studio The Delancey Street Museum, Grooms staged three events there, A Garden , The Burning Building and > The Magic Trainride (originally titled Fireman's Dream .) No wonder Kaprow called Grooms "Charlie Chaplin forever dreamed of fire." On the opening night of the Burning House, Bob Thompson asked a spectator to turn on the light, because none of the players had it, and this spontaneous theater movement reappeared in the next eight performances Japanese artist Yayoi Kusama performed naked events during the 60s in New York City.

Differences from drama

It emphasizes the organic relationship between art and the environment. Kaprow supports that "the event invites us to set aside for a moment this proper manners and take full part in the true nature of art and life.This is abrupt and sudden action, where people often feel" dirty ", and dirt, we may begin to realize, as well as organic and fertile, and everything including visitors can grow a bit in such circumstances. "It has no flow or philosophy, but is manifest in an improvisational style. There is no direction so the result can not be predicted. "It is generated in action by the head of ideas... and often has words but they may or may not make sense literally.If they do, it means they are not representational of what all elements convey.Therefore they carry a brief, quality If they do not make sense, then they recognize the voice of the word rather than the meaning conveyed by it. "

Due to the nature of the convention, no term "failure" can be applied. "Because when something goes" wrong ", something much more" true ", more revelation may emerge.This sudden sudden miracle is now made more likely by accidental procedures." In conclusion, a fresh occurrence of the moment took place and could not be reproduced.

Regarding the incident, Red Grooms commented, "I have a feeling that I know it is something I know it is something because I do not know what it is.I think that's when you're at the best point.When you actually do something, you do everything, but you do not know what it is. "

The lack of plot as well as audience participation is expected to be likened to Augusto Boal's Oppressed Theater, which also claims that "the audience is a bad word". Boal expected the audience to participate in the oppressed theater by becoming actors. The goal is to allow the oppressed to act out the forces that oppress them to mobilize the people into political action. Both Kaprow and Boal recreate the theater to try to make the drama more interactive and eliminate traditional narrative forms to make the theater something more free-form and organic.

Contribution to digital media

Allan Kaprow's and other artists from the 1950s and 1960s who did this Happenings helped put "new media technology development into context". Happenings allow other artists to create a show that will draw attention to the problem they want to portray. Today the events of today can be found with Jazz in a new way through artistic collaboration of renowned American saxophonist David Liebman, French jazz pianist Jean-Marie Machado, and multimedia visual artist Barbara Januszkiewicz. Their group Jazz Vision Trio uses new media techniques and real-time improvisation with jazz and art.

Worldwide

In 1959, the French artist Yves Klein first presented the Zone de SensibilitÃÆ' Â © Picturale ImmatÃÆ' Â © rielle. The work involves the sale of documentation of the ownership of a blank space (Zone Immaterial), taking the form of a check, in exchange for gold; if the buyer wants, the piece can then be completed in a complicated ritual in which the buyer will burn the check, and Klein will throw half of the gold into the Seine. The ritual will be performed in the presence of a respected art critic or merchant, an art museum director and at least two witnesses.

In 1960, Jean-Jacques Lebel oversaw and participated in the first European Renaissance of L'enterrement de la Chose in Venice. For her appearance there - called the Funeral Ceremony Happened Anti-Process - Lebel invites the audience to attend the ceremony in formal attire. In a room decorated in a large residence, a 'carcass' is perched perched on a pedestal which is then ritually stabbed by an 'executioner' while a 'service' is read consisting of extracts from French emperor Joris-Karl Huysmans and le Marquis de Sade. Then bearers carry the coffin out to the gondola and 'body' - which is a mechanical statue by Jean Tinguely - ceremonially slid into the canal.

Poet and painter Adrian Henri claimed to have organized the first event in England in Liverpool in 1962, which took place during the Merseyside Art Festival. The most important event in London was Albert Hall's "International Poetry Incarnation" on June 11, 1965, where an audience of 7,000 people watched and participated in performances by some of the young English avant-garde and American poets today (see English Poetry Poetry and United States Poetry). One of the participants, Jeff Nuttall, went on to organize a number of further events, often working with his friend Bob Cobbing, a poet and a good performance poet.

In Tokyo in 1964, Yoko Ono created an event featuring "Cut Piece" at the Sogetsu Art Center. He walked to the stage wrapped in a cloth, presented the audience with a pair of scissors, and instructed the audience to cut the cloth gradually until the player decides they should stop.

In Belgium, the first events were held around 1965-1968 in Antwerp, Brussels and Ostend by artists Hugo Heyrman and Panamarenko.

In the Netherlands, the first documented incident occurred in 1961, with Dutch artist and performer, Wim T. Schippers, emptying a bottle of sparkling water in the North Sea near Petten. Then, he arranges a random trip in the City Center of Amsterdam. Provo organized the incident around a small statue of "Het Lieverdje" in Spui, a square in the center of Amsterdam, from 1966 to 1968. Police often raided these events.

In the 1960s Joseph Beuys, Wolf Vostell, Nam June Paik, Charlotte Moorman, Dick Higgins, and HA Schult held Happenings in Germany.

In Canada, Gary Botting created or "constructed" events between 1969 (in St. John's, Newfoundland) and 1972 (in Edmonton, Alberta), including The Aeolian Stringer where the "captive" audience was entangled. in strings derived from the vacuum cleaner for making rounds (similar to Kaprow's "A Spring Happening", where it uses the power of law law and a large electric fan for the same effect); Zen Rock Festival where the main icon is a large rock in which the audience interacts in unexpected ways; Black on Black held at the Edmonton Art Gallery; and "Dream Pipe," in the men's room with a female "cast."

In Australia, the Yellow House Artist College in Sydney became a 24-hour scene during the early 1970s.

Behind the Iron Curtain, in Poland, artists and theater directors of Tadeusz Office staged the first event beginning in 1965. In the second half of 1970s painters and performers Krzysztof Jung manages the Repassage gallery, which promotes the performing arts in Poland. Also, in the second half of the 1980s, the Alternative Orange-based student movement founded by Major Waldemar Fydrych became famous for many events attended (over 10,000 participants at a time) directed against the military regime led by General Jaruzelski and fear of blocking Polish society since the Military Emergency Law came into force in December 1981.

Since 1993 artist Jens GalschiÃÆ' ¸ has made political events around the world, in November 1993 he made my inner beings where twenty statues were erected in 55 hours without the knowledge of the authorities throughout Europe. Pillar of Shame is a series of GalschiÃÆ'¸t statues. The first was established in Hong Kong on June 4, 1997, prior to the handover from Britain to the Chinese government on 1 July 1997, in protest against China's crackdown on the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989. On May 1, 1999, a Pillar of Shame was set in ZÃÆ'³calo in Mexico City. It stood for two days in front of Parliament to protest the oppression of the natives of the area.

The nonprofit organization, run by artist, iKatun, the artist group, The Institute of Infinitely Small Things, has reflected the use of "Happenings" influence when combining the medium of the internet. Their goal is one that "encourages public involvement in information politics". Their project entitled Corporate Corporate Command Database presents a careful look at super-saturating ad slogans, and "orders" of the company. "The Institute for Infinitely Small Things uses these commands to perform research shows where we try to impose, literally, what the command tells us and where it tells us to do it.For example, a user might see a long list of slogans in the database part of the website, and can transmit, in the text, take the most literal way to act slogans/commands.The iKatun team will then act as a slogan in a related performance-performance study.This means the art of exciting performances on world collaboration web and real reality to do new, modern Happening.

Philosophy

Kaprow explains that events are not a new style, but moral action, a very urgent human attitude, whose professional status as an art is less important than its certainty as the highest existential commitment. He argues that once artists have been recognized and paid, they also surrender to the cage, not the tastes of the visitors (even if it may not be the intention at both ends). "The whole situation is corrosive, there are no protectors or artists who understand their roles... and from this hidden discomfort arise dead, tight or repetitive and at worst, chic." Although we may easily blame those who offer temptation, Kaprow reminds us that it is not the moralist duty of the publicists to protect artist freedom, and artists themselves hold the supreme power to refuse fame if they do not want their responsibilities.

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Festivals as an event

Art and music festivals play a major role in positive and successful events. Some of these festivals include Burning Man and Oregon Country Fair. Along with the famous Allan Kaprow, Burning Man frowns on the audience idea and emphasizes the importance of everyone involved to create something extraordinary and unique. Both sides manifest the "audience" and instead of creating something to show to people, people become involved in helping create something extraordinary and spontaneous to this day. These two events are events that are re-created and special every year and are always new and organic. This event attracts a crowd of nearly 50,000 people each year and reaches more people than just present with their messages and ideals.

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References

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Further reading

• Allan Kaprow, Happenings in the New York Scene . Art News, May, 1961
• JÃÆ'¼rgen Becker und Wolf Vostell, Happenings, Fluxus, Pop Art, Nouveau RÃÆ' Â © alisme . Eine Documentation. Rowohlt Verlag, Reinbek 1965.
• Michael Kirby, Happenings: An Illustrated Anthology . E. P. Dutton & amp; Co., Inc., New York, 1965.
• Allan Kaprow, Assemblage, Environments and Happenings , 1966.
• Occurs & amp; Fluxus . Materialien zusammengestellt von Hans Sohm, KÃÆ'¶lnischer Kunstverein, 1970.
• Happened. Die Geschichte einer Bewegung . Materialien zusammengestellt von Hans Sohm, KÃÆ'¶lnischer Kunstverein, 1970.
• Wolf Vostell, Aktionen, Happenings und Demonstrationen seit 1965 . Rowohlt Verlag, Reinbek 1970, ISBN 3-498-07053-3.
• Geoffrey Hendricks, Critical Mass: Happenings, Fluxus, Performance, Intermedia and Rutgers University , 1958-1972. New Brunswick, N.J., Gross Mason Art Gallery, Rutgers University, 2003.
• Jeff Kelley, Children's Games. The Art of Allan Kaprow . University of California Press, Berkeley, 2004, ISBNÃ, 0-520-23671-8.
• Nie wieder stÃÆ'¶rungsfrei! Aachen Avantgarde seit 1964 , Kerber Verlag, 2011, ISBN 978-3-86678-602-8. (see "Gerda Henkel Stiftung". www.gerda-henkel-stiftung.de . Retrieved September 25 2017 . )
• Beuys Brock Vostell. Aktion Demonstration Partizipation 1949-1983 . ZKM - Zentrum fÃÆ'¼r Kunst und Medientechnologie, Hatje Cantz, Karlsruhe, 2014, ISBN 978-3-7757-3864-4. (see "Beuys Brock Vostell - 2016 - ZKM". zkm.de . Retrieved September 25 2017 . )

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External links

• About in Belgium
• Happenings by Orange Alternative in Poland
• Allan Kaprow at Ubuweb
• Interview with Kaprow
• Report on Happening, 1963
• Happenings Worldwide

Source of the article : Wikipedia