Industrial and developing countries have different teen pregnancy rates. In developed countries, such as the United States, Canada, Western Europe, Australia, and New Zealand, teenage parents tend to be unmarried and teenage pregnancy is seen as a social problem.
In contrast, teenage parents in developing regions such as Africa, Asia, Eastern Europe, Latin America and the Pacific Islands are often married, and their pregnancies may be welcomed by families and communities. However, in this society, early pregnancy can be combined with malnutrition and poor health care leading to medical problems. A report by Save the Children found that, annually, 13 million children are born to women under the age of 20 worldwide. More than 90% of births occur in women living in developing countries. Complications of pregnancy and childbirth are the leading causes of death among women between the ages of 15 and 19 in these areas, as they are the leading cause of death among older women.
Mother's age is determined by a date that is easily verified when pregnancy ends , not by an approximate date concept . As a result, statistics do not include women who first became pregnant before their 20th birthday, if the pregnancy does not end until or after their 20th birthday.
Video Prevalence of teenage pregnancy
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Afrika
The highest teenage pregnancy rate in the world - 143 per 1,000 girls aged 15-19 years - is in sub-Saharan Africa. Women in Africa, in general, get married at a much earlier age than women elsewhere - leading to earlier pregnancies. In Nigeria, according to the Health and Demographic Survey in 1992, 47% of women aged 20-24 were married before 15 and 87% before 18. 53% of those surveyed had also given birth to a child before the age of 18 years. birth rate in African countries (2002) According to data from the World Bank, by 2015, the highest incidence of births among girls aged 15-19 years is in: Niger, Mali, Angola, Guinea and Mozambique.
The Save the Children report identifies 10 countries where mothers have the greatest risk for young women and their babies. Of these, 9 people in sub-Saharan Africa, and Niger, Liberia, and Mali are the countries where girls are most at risk. In 10 of the highest risk countries, more than one in six teenage girls ages 15 to 19 deliver each year, and almost one in seven babies born to this teenager die before the age of one year.
Asia
In the Indian subcontinent, premarital sex is rare, but early marriage sometimes means teenage pregnancy. Early marriage rates are higher in rural areas than in urban areas. The fertility rate in South Asia ranges from 71 to 119 births, a trend toward increasing the age at marriage for both sexes. In South Korea and Singapore, although pre-marital sexual activity has increased, adolescent birth rates are low at 4 to 8 per 1000. Rates of early marriage and pregnancy have fallen sharply in Indonesia; However, it remains high compared to other Asian regions.
Surveys from Thailand found that a significant minority of unmarried adolescents were sexually active. Although premarital sex is considered normal behavior for men, especially with prostitutes, it is not always considered as for women. Most Thai teenagers report that their first sexual experience, whether inside or outside of marriage, without contraception. Teenage fertility rates in Thailand are relatively high at 60 per 1000. 25% of women hospitalized in Thailand for complications of induced abortion are students. The Thai government has taken action to inform the youth of the nation about the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases and unplanned pregnancies.
According to the World Health Organization, in some Asian countries including Bangladesh and Indonesia, most (26-37%) of deaths among adolescent girls can be attributed to maternal causes.
Australia
By 2015, the birth rate among adolescent women in Australia is 11.9 births per 1,000 women. This number fell from 55.5 births per 1,000 women in 1971, possibly because of the ease of access to effective birth control, rather than decreased sexual activity.
Europe
The overall trend in Europe since 1970 has lowered total fertility rates, an increase in the age at which women experience their first birth, and a decrease in the number of births among teenagers.
The rate of teenage pregnancy can vary greatly in a country. For example, in the UK, teenage pregnancy rates in 2002 were as high as 100.4 per 1000 among young women living in the London Borough of Lambeth, and as low as 20.2 per 1000 inhabitants in the local Midlands authority area in Rutland.. In Italy, the birth rate of teenagers in the central region is only 3.3 per 1,000, but, in Mezzogiorno it is 10.0 per 1,000.
Teen births are often associated with economic and social issues: such as alcohol and drug abuse and, in 13 countries in the EU, women who give birth as teenagers are twice as likely to live in poverty as compared to those who first gave birth when they were over 20 year.
Bulgaria and Romania
Romania and Bulgaria have the highest adolescent birth rate in Europe. By 2015, Bulgaria has a birth rate of 37/1000 women aged 15-19, and Romania 34. Both countries also have a very large Romani population, which has a teen pregnancy event well above the local average.
In recent years, the number of teenage mothers has declined in Bulgaria.
Dutch
The Netherlands has low birth and abortion rates among adolescents (5 births per 1,000 women aged 15-19 in 2002). Compared with countries with higher adolescent birth rates, the Netherlands had higher mean age in first sexual intercourse and increased use of contraceptives (including the "double Dutch" method using hormonal and condom contraceptive methods).
Nordic Countries
Nordic countries, such as Denmark and Sweden, also have low adolescent birth rates (both have 7 births per 1,000 women aged 15-19 in 2002). However, Norway's birth rate is slightly higher (11 births per 1,000 women aged 15-19 in 2002) and Iceland has a birth rate of 19 per 1,000 women aged 15-19 (almost identical to the UK). These countries have higher abortion rates than the Netherlands.
Italy, Spain and Portugal
In some countries, such as Italy and Spain, teenage pregnancy rates are low (6 births per 1,000 women aged 15-19 in 2002 in both countries). Both countries also have low abortion rates (lower than Sweden and other Nordic countries) and their teenage pregnancy rates are among the lowest in Europe. Portugal, however, has a relatively high percentage of teenage pregnancies (17 births per 1,000 women aged 15-19 in 2002).
United Kingdom
Britain has one of the highest adolescent birth rates in Europe with a rate of 26.4 teen births per 1,000 women aged 15-19 in 2006, down from 27.9 births in 2001. Britain also has a higher abortion rate than most European countries. Of the British youth who reported engaging in intercourse while in their teens, 80% said they did not use any form of contraception (need referral), although half of those under the age of 16, and one-third of those aged between 16 and 19, said that they did not use any form of contraception during their first meeting (referral required). 10% of British teenage mothers get married. Teenage pregnancies are seen as a concern by the British government and the British press.
Americas
Canada
The birth rate of Canadian teens in 2002 was 16 per 1000 and teenage pregnancy rates were 33.9. According to data from Statistics Canada, teenage pregnancy rates in Canada experienced a steady decline for younger adolescents (15-17) and older (18-19) between 1992-2002. The highest teenage pregnancy rates in Canada occur in small towns located in the rural areas of the Ontario peninsula. Alberta and Quebec have high teen pregnancy rates as well.
Colombian
In 2016, the Minister of Health and Social Protection of Colombia, Alejandro Gaviria Uribe announced that "teenage pregnancy declined two percentage points, breaking the growing trend that has been seen since the nineties".
United States
In 2013, adolescent birth rates in the United States hit historic lows: 26.6 births per 1,000 women aged 15-19 years. More than three quarters of these births are for adult women aged 18 or 19 years. In 2005 in the US, the majority (57%) of teenage pregnancies resulted in live births, 27% ended in induced abortions, and 16% in fetal loss.
The birth rate of US adolescents is 53 births per 1,000 women aged 15-19 in 2002, the highest in developed countries. If all pregnancies, including those ending in abortion or miscarriage, are taken into account, the total rate in 2000 was 75.4 pregnancies per 1,000 girls. Nevada and District of Columbia have the highest teenage pregnancy rates in the US, while North Dakota has the lowest. More than 80% of teenage pregnancies in the US are undesirable; about one-third of late abortions, one-third end with spontaneous miscarriage, and one-third will continue their pregnancy and babysitting.
However, the trend declined: in 1990, the birth rate was 61.8, and the pregnancy rate was 116.9 per thousand. This decline has occurred in all races, although African-American and Hispanic adolescents maintain a higher rate, compared with Europe-Americans and Asian-Americans. The Guttmacher Institute links about 25% decrease in abstinence and 75% effective use of contraception.
In teenage pregnancy the United States is often raised in political discourse. The goal to limit teenage pregnancy is shared by Republicans and Democrats, although the path of reduction is usually different. Many Democrats cite teenage pregnancy as a proof of the ongoing need for access to birth control and sexual education, while Republicans often cite the need to return to conservative values, often including abstinence.
An inverse correlation has been noted between the rates of teenage pregnancy and the quality of education within a country. Positive, though weak, correlations arise between teenage pregnancy rates in cities and average summer night temperatures, especially in the southern US (Savageau, compilers, 1993-1995).
Maps Prevalence of teenage pregnancy
Statistics
World Development Indicator
The birth rate for women aged 15-19 years is one of the World Bank's World Development Indicators. Data for most countries and various groupings (eg Sub-Saharan Africa or OECD members) are published periodically, and may be viewed or downloaded from the United Nations website.
UN Statistics Division, live birth 2009
Per 1,000 women aged 15-19 years, source:
UN Statistics Division, estimates 1995-2010
Per 1,000 women aged 15-19 years, source:
Birth and abortion numbers, 1996
Per 1000 women 15-19, (% aborted =% teenage pregnancy ending in abortion).
See also
- Adolescent sexuality in the United States
- Teenage pregnancy and sexual health in the United Kingdom
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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