The priest breastplate (Hebrew: ?????? ? ? O? En ) is the sacred chest cover worn by the High Priest of Israel, according to the Book of Exodus. In the biblical story, the chest cover is sometimes called the judgment chest cover , since Urim and Thummim are placed inside it. These stones, sometimes, are used to determine God's will in certain situations (see Exodus 28:30). Using these stones does not necessarily determine the will of God (see 1 Samuel 28: 6)
Video Priestly breastplate
Hebrew Bible
According to the description in Exodus, the breastplate is attached to the ephod with a golden chain/rope attached to a gold ring on the shoulder straps of the ephod, and with a blue band tied to a gold ring on the ephod belt. Biblical descriptions mention that the breastplate should also be made of the same material as the Ephod embroidery of 3 colors of wool and dyed linen - and become 1/3 of a square cubic, two layers thick, and with four rows of three embedded gems embedded in the arrangement gold on it, one arrangement for each stone. The description states that the square chest should be formed from a rectangular piece - 1/3 of a cubit by 2/3 cubits, folded to form a bag containing Urim and Thummim.
Hebrew term for breastplate, ?????? ? ( ??? en ), apparently named from its appearance, probably from the same source as Arabic ??? ? ( Asuna ), which means "to be beautiful". The nineteenth-century German scientist August Dillmann thought it was more likely to come from the Hebrew word ????? ? ( ??? en ), which means "fold", related to its function.
According to the Talmud, the use of Hoshen atoned for sin in judgment on the part of the Children of Israel.
Maps Priestly breastplate
Jewel
The twelve gems on each chest, according to the description of the Bible, are made of certain minerals, none the same as the others, and each represents a particular tribe, whose name is inscribed on stone. According to the rabbinic tradition, the names of the twelve tribes engraved on stone with what is called in Hebrew: ???? = shamir , which according to Rashi, is a rare little creature that can penetrate the most difficult surface, but according to Rabbi David Kimhi and Rabbi Yunah ibn Janah, is a stone stronger than iron (probably Stone Naxian). The word has an equivalent in Greek, ?????? ( smeris ).
There are different views in the classical rabbinic literature on the order of names; The Jerusalem Targum, for example, argues that the names appear in the order in which they think they were born. Maimonides describes a gemstone arranged in four lines, saying that on the first stone of Reuben also carved the names of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, while in the last stone Benjamin also engraved the words, the tribes of God >; Kabbalistic authors such as Hezekiah ben Manoah and Bahya ben Asher argue that only six letters of each name are present in every stone, along with a few letters from the names of Abraham, Isaac, or Jacob, or from the expression [these are] Jeshurun ​​tribe, so there are 72 letters in total (72 being a very significant number in Kabbalistic thinking).
There are also different sequences for names written on two "onyx" stones, which are carried on the shoulders of High Priest. One opinion indicates that the names of the twelve tribes were arranged in groups after their mother: the four sons of Lea were aligned one by one with one stone, with Judah posting this list, followed by the sons of Rachel with the names of the concubine sons interceding between Rachel's sons.
Unfortunately, the meaning of the Hebrew names for minerals, given by the masoretic text, is unclear, and although the Greek names for them in the Septuagint are more clear, some scholars believe that it can not be fully relied upon for this problem because the breastplate has stopped being used at the time the Septuagint was created, and some Greek names for various gems have changed the meaning between the classical era and the modern age. However, although classical rabbinical literature argues that the names were written using Shamir worms because neither chisel nor paint or ink are not allowed to mark them, a more naturalistic approach indicates that gems must have relatively low hardness to engrave on, and hence this provides additional clues to mineral identity. Others think that they are carved with sandpaper, have diamond-like properties that are used to cut other stones and are called in Greek ?????? ( smeris ).
The explanation of the symbolic meaning of gems produces many Jewish and Christian writings, and is a central component of a brief tradition or book on gemology.
In the New Testament, Revelation is a description of a city wall, with every layer of stone on the wall coming from different materials; in the original Koine Greek, the layer is given as iaspis , sapphiros , chalcedon , smaragdos , sardonyx , sardion , chrysolithos , beryllos , topazion , chrysoprason , yacinthos , amethystos . This list appears to be based on the Septuagint version of the gem list in Breastplate - if the top of the breastplate is rotated 180 degrees, and the bottom is reversed, with Onchion also exchanging places with Topazion , the list become very similar; there are only four differences:
- Onchion (literally Onyx ) has become Sardonyx (Red Onyx)
- Anthrax has become Chalcedon (literally means Chalcedony , where red varieties are the most common). Anthrax literally means coal , may mean the red color of burning coal, while Chalcedon literally means Chalcedony , among which red varieties are the most common.
- Ligurios has become Chrysoprason . Scholars suspect that Ligurios is a pale yellowish mineral, and although Chrysoprase now refers to a particular gemstone - Chrysoprase - which is generally apple-green, in the past it refers to the jade of yellow garlic. green, like Peridot; Chrysoprase literally means golden leeks .
- Berteran ( Agate ) has been replaced by Yacinthos ( Jacinth ). According to classical rabbinical literature, the specific agate is the sky blue color, and although Jacinth now refers to the red clear jewel - Jacinth - this did not happen at the time the Book of Revelation was written, and at that time Jacinth seems to have been referring to the bluish gem; Pliny describes Jacinth as a blunt and bluish amethyst, while Solinus describes it as a clear blue gem - the modern Sapphire.
Pattern
Is there a pattern for the choice of gemstones depending on their identity. Taking a look at the majority of scholars in terms of gem identity, and including the implications of the Book of Revelation that Onyx at the end of the fourth line is Sardonyx , there are four colors - red, green, yellow, and blue - each represented by a clear gem (red - Karbunkel, green - Heliodor, yellow - Chrysolite, blue - Amethyst), an opaque gem (red - Carnelian/red Jasper), green - green Jasper, yellow - yellow Jasper/yellow Serpentine, blue - Lapis Lazuli), and striped gems (red - Sardonyx, green - Malachite, yellow - pale gold Agate, blue - agate blue sky). The four colors are red, green, yellow, and blue, the first four colors (other than black and white) are distinguished by language, and are distinguished in all cultures with at least six color differences (the other two are black and white). These colors roughly correspond to the sensitivity of retinal ganglion cells. (The color of the retinal ganglia process by positioning it in the blue to yellow range, and separately positioning it in the red to green range.)
See also
- List of artifacts in biblical archeology
- Golden head plate
- Priestly cloak (Judaism)
- Priestly sash
- Tunes Priestly
- Priestly Magic
- Priestly underwear
Note
References
Bibliography
External links
Media related to breastdress Priest on Wikimedia Commons
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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