Metropolitan Art Museum in New York, colloquial " Met ", is the largest art museum in the United States. With 7.06 million visitors by 2016, it is the most visited art museum in the world, and the most visited museum in the world. The permanent collection contains more than two million works, divided among 17 curatorial departments. The main building, on the eastern edge of Central Park along Manhattan's Mile Museum, is one of the largest art galleries in the world. The much smaller second location, The Cloisters at Fort Tryon Park in Upper Manhattan, contains a collection of art, architecture and artifacts from the Middle Ages of Europe. On March 18, 2016, the museum opened the Met Breuer museum on Madison Avenue on the Upper East Side; he expanded the program of modern art and contemporary museums.
The permanent collection comprises artwork from ancient classics and ancient Egypt, paintings, and sculptures of almost all European rulers, and a vast collection of American and modern art. The Met retains the vast possession of African art, Asia, Oceania, Byzantine, and Islam. The museum is home to an encyclopedic collection of musical instruments, costumes, and accessories, as well as antique weapons and armor from around the world. Several prominent interiors, ranging from first century Rome through modern American design, are installed in the gallery.
The Metropolitan Art Museum was founded in 1870 for the purpose of opening a museum to bring art and art education to the American people. Opened on February 20, 1872, and originally located at 681 Fifth Avenue.
Video Metropolitan Museum of Art
Collection
The Met's permanent collection is curated by seventeen separate departments, each with specialized staff of curators and scholars, as well as six special conservation departments and the Department of Scientific Research. Permanent collections include works of art from ancient classics and ancient Egypt, paintings and sculptures of almost all European rulers, and a vast collection of American and modern art. The Met retains the vast possession of African art, Asia, Oceania, Byzantine, and Islam. The museum is also home to an encyclopedic collection of musical instruments, costumes and accessories, and antique and armor weapons from around the world. A large number of period spaces, ranging from the 1st century Rome through modern American design, are permanently installed in the Met galleries. In addition to its regular exhibitions, Met organizes and hosts major travel events throughout the year.
The current council chairman, Daniel Brodsky, was elected in 2011 and became chairman three years after director Philippe de Montebello retired at the end of 2008.
On March 1, 2017, the BBC reported that Daniel Weiss, president of Met and COO, will also temporarily act as CEO for the museum. Following the departure of Thomas P. Campbell as director and CEO of Met on June 30, 2017, the search of the museum's new director was assigned to the human resources company Phillips Oppenheim to present a new candidate for the "end of fiscal year in June" position in 2018. The next director will reported to Weiss as current museum president.
In April 2018, Max Hollein was appointed director.
Collection: Geographically determined collection
Ancient Near Eastern Art
Beginning at the end of the 19th century, Met began acquiring ancient art and artifacts from the Near East. From several tablets and cuneiform seals, Met's collection of Near Eastern art has grown to more than 7,000 pieces. Representing the history of the region beginning in the Neolithic Age and encompassing the fall of the Sasanian Empire and the end of the Final Antiquity, its collection includes works from the Sumerian, Hittite, Sasanian, Assyrian, Babylonian and Elamite (among other things) cultures, as well as the vast collection of Zamanic objects Unique bronze. Highlights of the collection include a set of monumental stones Art of Africa, Oceania, and America
Although Met first acquired the Peruvian antiquities group in 1882, the museum did not initiate a joint effort to collect works from Africa, Oceania and America until 1969, when American entrepreneur and philanthropist Nelson A. Rockefeller donated more than 3,000 collections of objects to the museum. Today, the Met collection contains more than 11,000 pieces from sub-Saharan Africa, the Pacific Islands, and America and is housed at 40,000 square feet (4,000 m 2 ) Rockefeller Wing at the southern end of the museum.
The collection ranges from a 40,000-year-old Australian native rock painting to a 15 foot (4.6 m) memorial group carved by Asmat people in New Guinea, to a priceless collection of ceremonial and personal objects from the Court Nigeria Benin donated by Klaus Perls. The various materials represented in the African, Oceania, and American collections are undoubtedly the widest of every department in the Met, including everything from precious metals to the hedgehog spines.
Asian Art
The Asian Department at Met holds a collection of Asian art, more than 35,000 pieces, arguably the most comprehensive in the US. This collection dates back to the early establishment of the museum: many of the philanthropists who made the earliest gifts to museums include Asian art in their collections. Today, the entire wing of the museum is dedicated to the Asian collection, and spans 4,000 years of Asian art. Each Asian civilization is represented in the Asian Met department, and the pieces on display include every kind of decorative art, from painting and art to sculpture and metalworking. The department is famous for its extensive collection of Chinese calligraphy and paintings, as well as for Indian sculptures, Nepalese and Tibetan works, and Burmese (Myanmar), Cambodian and Thai arts. The three ancient Indian religions - Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism - are well represented in these statues. However, not only "art" and ritual objects are represented in the collection; many of the most famous parts are functional objects. The Asian Wing also contains a complete Ming Dynasty garden-style castle, which is modeled on a courtyard at the Master Nets Garden in Suzhou. Maxwell K. Hearn is chairman of the current Department of Asian Art since 2011.
Egyptian Art
Although most of Met's early possession of Egyptian art comes from private collections, the items discovered during the museum's archaeological excavations, conducted between 1906 and 1941, constitute almost half of the current collection. More than 26,000 Egyptian artworks separated from the Paleolithic era through the Ptolemaic era form the collection of Egyptian Met, and almost all of them are on display in the great wing of Egypt's 40 gallery museum. Among the most valuable parts in the Egyptian Met collection are 13 wooden models (out of a total of 24 models found together, 12 models and 1 offering a carrier character on the Met, while the remaining 10 models and 1 offering the carrier character are in the Museum Egypt in Cairo), was found in a tomb in Southern Asasif in western Thebes in 1920. These models illustrate, in incomparable detail, the cross-section of Egyptian life in the early Middle Kingdom: boats, gardens, and views of everyday life are represented in miniature. William the Faience Hippopotamus is a miniature shown on the right.
However, the popular center of the Egyptian Art department continues to be the Temple of Dendur. Dismantled by the Egyptian government to rescue him from rising waters caused by the construction of the Aswan High Dam, a large sandstone temple was given to the United States in 1965 and assembled at Met's Sackler Wing in 1978. Located in a large room and partly surrounded by a reflection pool and illuminated by a wall of windows opening to Central Park, the Temple of Dendur has become one of Met's most enduring attractions. The oldest items in Met, a set of Archeulian flints from Deir el-Bahri from the Lower Paleolithic period (between 300,000 and 75,000 BC), are part of the Egyptian collection. The curator is Diana Craig Patch.
European Painting
Collection of European painting collection amounted to about 1,700 pieces. Chairman of European Painting today is Keith Christianson who has been in the museum since 1977.
European sculpture and decorative arts
The European Statue Collection and Decorative Art is one of the largest departments in the Met, holding more than 50,000 separate parts from the 15th to the beginning of the 20th century. Although the collection is primarily concentrated on Renaissance statues - many of which can be seen in situ surrounded by contemporary furnishings and decorations - it also contains the comprehensive ownership of furniture, jewelry, glass and pieces of ceramics, rugs, textiles, and props and mathematical instruments. In addition to an outstanding collection of English and French furniture, visitors can enter dozens of complete period spaces, transplanted intactly into Met galleries. This collection even covers the entire 16th-century terrace of the Spanish castle of VÃÆ'Ã © lez Blanco, reconstructed in a two-story gallery, and introsia studiolo from the ducal palace at Gubbio. Highlights from extensive departmental departments include Bernini Bacchanal, Rodin The Burghers of Calais, and some unique pieces by Houdon including his Bust of Voltaire i> and the famous portrait of his daughter Sabine.
American Wing
The collection of American art museums is back to look at the new gallery on January 16, 2012. This new installation gives visitors the history of American art from the 18th century to the beginning of the 20th century. The new gallery covers 30,000 square feet (2,800m 2 ) to display museum collections. The curator in charge of the American Wing since September 2014 is Sylvia Yount.
Greek and Roman Art
The Met Collection of Greek and Roman art contains more than 17,000 objects. The collection of Greek and Roman dates back to the founding of the museum - in fact, the first object of the museum's accession was the Roman sarcophagus, still currently on display. Although the collection naturally concentrates on items from ancient Greece and the Roman Empire, this historical area represents a wide variety of cultures and artistic styles, ranging from classic Greek black and red vases to drawing carved Roman tunic pins.
Its collection items include the monumental Amathus sarcophagus and the very detailed Etruscan train known as the "Monteleone cable car". This collection also contains many pieces from much earlier than the Greek or Roman empire - among the most remarkable is the collection of early Cycladic statues from the middle of the third millennium BC, many of which are so abstract that they seem almost modern. The Greek and Roman galleries also contain several large classical frescoes and reliefs from different periods, including the totally reconstructed bedroom of a noble villa in Boscoreale, excavated after his burial by the Vesuvius eruption in 79 AD. In 2007, Met's Greek and Roman galleries expanded to about 60,000 square feet (6,000 m 2 ), allowing most of the collections to be on permanent displays.
Islamic Art
The Metropolitan Museum has one of the largest collection of artworks in the Islamic world. This collection also includes artefacts and cultural artwork and secular origins from the period of time shown by the rise of Islam especially from the Near East and distinct from the Ancient Near East. The largest number of miniatures from the list of "Shahnama" prepared under Shah Tahmasp I government, the most luxurious of all existing Islamic manuscripts, also belongs to this museum. Other rarities include the works of Sultan Muhammad and his colleagues from Tabriz school "The Sade Holiday", "Tahmiras kill div", "Bijan and Manizhe", and many others.
The Met Collection of Islamic art is not limited to religious art, although a large number of objects in Islamic collections were originally created for the use of religion or as a decorative element in the mosque. Most of the 12,000 powerful collections consist of secular items, including ceramics and textiles, from Islamic culture from Spain to North Africa to Central Asia. The collection of miniature paintings of the Islamic Art Department of Iran and Mughal India is the highlight of this collection. Both religious and secular calligraphers are well represented in the Department of Islamic Art, from Suleiman's Extraordinary Official decisions to numerous Qur'anic texts reflecting different periods and styles of calligraphy. Modern calligrapher artists also use words or phrases to convey direct messages, or they make compositions of Arabic words. Others include cursive writing that can not be described in the body of the work to evoke the illusion of writing.
The Islamic Art Gallery has undergone a refurbishment since 2001 and reopened on November 1, 2011, as the New Gallery for the Land Arts of Arabia, Turkey, Iran, Central Asia, and Then South Asia. Until then, the narrow selection of items from the collection has been on display temporarily throughout the museum. Like many other departments on The Met, Islamic art galleries contain many interior pieces, including the entire Nur Al-Din room rebuilt from the early 18th century house in Damascus. However, the museum has confirmed to the New York Post that it has withdrawn from publicly displaying all the paintings depicting Muhammad and it is unlikely that they will be displayed in the Islamic gallery before the renovation.
Collection: Non-geographically selected collection
Weapons and Armor
The Department of Weapons and Met Armor is one of the most popular collections in this museum. The typical "parade" of armored figures on horseback mounted on the first floor of Armor and the gallery is one of the best known images of the museum, held in 1975 with the help of immigrant scholars and Russian weapons and weapons, Leonid Tarassuk (1925-90). The department's focus on "exquisite workmanship and decoration," including pieces intended solely for display, means that this collection is strongest in the late medieval Europe and Japanese pieces from the 5th century through the nineteenth century. However, this is not the only culture represented in Arms and Armor; his collection reaches more geographical areas than almost all other departments, including weapons and armor from the Egyptian dynasty, ancient Greece, the Roman Empire, the ancient Near East, Africa, Oceania and America, as well as American firearms (especially the Colt firearms) of the century the 19th and 20th. Among the collection of 14,000 objects many pieces were made for and used by kings and princes, including Henry VIII's armor from England, Henry II of France, and Ferdinand I of Germany.
Costume Institute
The Costume Art Museum was founded by Aline Bernstein and Irene Lewisohn. In 1937, they joined the Met and became the department's Costume Institute. Today, the collection contains more than 35,000 costumes and accessories. The Costume Institute used to have a permanent gallery space in a place known as the "Basement" Met area because it is on the lower floor at the bottom of the Met facility. However, due to the fragile nature of the goods in the collection, the Costume Institute does not maintain a permanent installation. Instead, each year there are two separate shows in the Met galleries using costumes from his collection, with each show centered on a designer or a particular theme. The Costume Institute is known to host the annual Gala Met and in the past has featured summer exhibitions such as Savage Beauty and China: Through the Looking Glass.
In previous years, the Costume Institute showed organized around famous designers such as CristÃÆ'³bal Balenciaga, Chanel, Yves Saint Laurent, and Gianni Versace; and doyenne styles like Diana Vreeland, Mona von Bismarck, Babe Paley, Jayne Wrightsman, Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, Nan Kempner, and Iris Apfel have attracted many audiences to the Met. The annual Cost Benefit Institute of Costume, co-chaired by editor-in-chief Anna Wintour, is a very popular, if exclusive, event in the fashion world; In 2007, 700 tickets were available starting at $ 6,500 per person. The exhibitions featured during the last decade at the Costume Institute include: The Stone Style, in 1999, represented the style of more than 40 rock musicians, including Madonna, David Bowie, and The Beatles; Extreme Beauty: The Changed Body, in 2001, describing the ideas of physical beauty transformation over time and the bodily opposition required to accommodate such ideals and modes; The Chanel Exhibit, featured in 2005, recognizes the work of skilled designer Coco Chanel as one of the leading fashion names in history; Super Heroes: Fashion and Fantasy, exhibited in 2008, shows the vision of a superhero metaphor as a major fashion icon; The 2010 Exhibition on American Women: Creating a National Identity, which exposes the revolutionary style of American women from 1890 to 1940, and how it reflects the current political and social sentiments. The theme of the 2011 event is "Alexander McQueen: Savage Beauty". Each of these exhibits explores fashion as a mirror of cultural values ​​and offers a glimpse into the historical style, emphasizing their evolution into today's fashion world. On January 14, 2014, Met named the Costume Institute complex after Anna Wintour. The curator is Andrew Bolton.
Images and prints
Although other departments contain a large number of images and prints, the Department of Drawings and Molds specifically concentrates on parts of North America and Western European works produced after the Middle Ages. The first Old Master image, consisting of 670 sheets, was presented as a group in 1880 by Cornelius Vanderbilt II and basically launched the department, though not officially established as a department until then. Other early donors to the department included Junius Spencer Morgan II who presented a variety of materials, but mainly dating from the sixteenth century, including 2 woodblock and many prints by Albrecht DÃÆ'¼rer in 1919. Currently, the Picture and Print Collection contains more than 17,000 images, 1 , 5 million prints, and twelve thousand picture books. The great masters of European painting, which produce more sketches and drawings than actual paintings, are widely represented in the Picture and Print collections. The ownership of the department contains the main drawings by Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci and Rembrandt, as well as prints and paintings by Van Dyck, DÃÆ'¼rer, and Degas among many others. The curator is Nadine Orenstein.
Robert Lehman Collection
At the death of banker Robert Lehman in 1969, his foundation donated 2,600 pieces of art to the museum. Housed in "Robert Lehman Wing," the museum refers to the collection as "one of the most remarkable personal art collections ever assembled in the United States". To emphasize Robert Lehman Collection's personal nature, The Met stores collections in a special set of galleries that evoke Lehman's luxuriously decorated interior townhouses; the deliberate separation of this Collection as a "museum inside the museum" met with mixed criticism and approval at the time, although the collection was seen as a coup for Met. Unlike other departments in Met, Robert Lehman's collection does not concentrate on a particular style or period of art; rather, it reflects Lehman's personal interests. Lehman the collector heavily concentrated on the paintings of the Italian Renaissance, especially the Sienese school. The paintings in the collection include works by Botticelli and Domenico Veneziano, as well as works by a number of Spanish painters, El Greco and Goya among them. Lehman's collection of pictures by the Old Masters, featuring works by Rembrandt and DÃÆ'¼rer, is invaluable for its breadth and quality. Princeton University Press has documented a massive collection of multi-volume book series published as Catalog Catalog of Robert Lehman.
Medieval Art and Cloisters
The Met Collection of medieval art comprises a comprehensive range of Western art from the 4th century to the early 16th century, as well as ancient European artefacts from the Byzantine and pre-Medieval periods not included in the collection of Ancient Greece and Rome. Like the collection of Islam, the collection of the Middle Ages contains a variety of two- and three-dimensional art, with religious objects represented. In total, the permanent collection of the Medieval Art Department amounts to about 11,000 separate objects, divided between the main museum buildings on Fifth Avenue and The Cloisters.
Main building
The medieval collection in the Metropolitan main building, centered in a first century gallery on the first floor, contains about six thousand separate objects. While much of medieval European art is on display in these galleries, most of the European pieces are concentrated in the Cloisters (see below). However, this allows the main gallery to showcase much of Byzantine art from Met side by side with European pieces. The main gallery is host to a variety of tapestries and church and burial statues, while the side gallery displays smaller works of precious metal and ivory, including pieces of relics and secular items. The main gallery, with its high arched ceilings, also serves double duty as the annual Christmas tree Christmas tree site is elaborately decorated.
Cloisters Museum and Gardens
The Cloisters is the main project of John D. Rockefeller, Jr., the main contributor to Met. Located in Fort Tryon Park and completed in 1938, it is a separate building dedicated entirely to medieval art. The Cloisters collection was originally a separate museum, assembled by George Gray Barnard and acquired in toto by Rockefeller in 1925 as a reward for Met.
The cloisters are so named because five medieval French cloisters whose rescued structures were incorporated into modern buildings, and five thousand objects in the Cloisters were severely confined to medieval European works. This collection displays extraordinarily important beauty and historical items; including the Belles Heures of Jean de France, Duc de Berry, illustrated by Limbourg Brothers in 1409, the cross of the Romantic altar known as the "Cloisters Cross" or "Bury Cross", and the seven tapestries depicting the Unicorn Hunt.
Modern and contemporary art
With around 13,000 works of art, mainly by European and American artists, the collection of modern art occupies 60,000 square feet (6,000 m 2 ), a gallery space and contains many iconic modern masterpieces. The stepping stone collection includes Picasso Gertrude Stein's portrait, Jasper Johns Flag of White , Jackson Pollock Autumn Rhythm (Number 30) , and Tripton Max Beckmann Beginning . Certain artists are represented in extraordinary depths, for museums whose focus is not just on modern art: for example, the collection contains forty paintings by Paul Klee, covering all his careers. Due to the long history of Met, "contemporary" paintings obtained in the past often migrate to other collections in museums, especially to the American and European Painting departments.
In April 2013, it was reported that the museum received a $ 1 billion collection from cosmetic tycoon Leonard Lauder. Cubism art collections include the works of Pablo Picasso, Georges Braque and Juan Gris and exhibited in 2014.
Musical instruments
Collection of Met music instruments, with around 5,000 examples of musical instruments from around the world, is almost unique among the major museums. The collection began in 1889 with a donation of 270 instruments by Mary Elizabeth Adams Brown, who joined her collection to become the first curator of musical instruments, named in honor of her husband, John Crosby Brown. By the time he died, his collection had 3,600 instruments he donated and the collection was kept in five galleries. The instruments (and continued) are included in the collection not only on the aesthetic basis, but also insofar as they embody the technical and social aspects of their cultural origin. Modern Musical Instruments Collection is an encyclopaedia within the scope; every continent is represented in almost every stage of his musical life. Highlights from the department's collection include several Stradivari violins, a collection of Asian instruments made of precious metal, and the oldest surviving piano, model 1720 by Bartolomeo Cristofori. Many instruments in the collection can be played, and the department encourages its use by holding concerts and demonstrations by guest musicians.
Photos
The collection of photos of The Met, numbering over 25,000, is centered on five major collections plus additional acquisitions by the museum. Alfred Stieglitz, a renowned photographer himself, contributed the first major collection of photographs to the museum, which included a comprehensive survey of Photo-Secessionist, a rich set of Edward Steichen's master prints, and a collection of incredible photographs of Stieglitz from his own. studio. The Met completes the Stieglitz prize with 8,500 pieces of Gilman Paper Company Collection, Ruble Collection, and Ford Motor Company Collection, each of which provides a collection with early French and American photography, early British photography, and post-World War I America and Europe. The museum also has a collection of personal photos of Walker Evans, a special coup considering the high demand for his works. The photography department was founded in 1992. Although the department obtained a permanent gallery in 1997, not all department ownership was exhibited at any given time, due to the sensitive material represented in the photography collection. However, the Photo Department has produced some of the most widely accepted temporary exhibitions in Met's past, including the retrospective Diane Arbus and an extensive show devoted to spirit photography. In 2007, the museum set a special gallery for photo exhibitions created after 1960.
Digital collection
Starting in 2013, Met organizes the Digital Media Department for the purpose of increasing access to museum collections and resources using digital media and expanding website services. Sree Sreenivasan's first Chief Digital Officer from 2013 left in 2016 and was replaced by Loic Tallon at that time the department became known for its simplified designation as the Digital Department. In early 2017, the department initiated its Open Access initiative summarized on its Digital Underground website, which states: "It has been six months since The Met launched the Open Access initiative, which provides 375,000 public domain images working in The Met collections at under Creative Commons Zero (CC0).Throughout this new dawn of this new initiative, his response has so far been remarkable. "At that time, over 375,000 photographic images from museum archive collections were released for public domain reproduction and used both by the general public and by sites such large public access web available on Google BigQuery.
Met Breuer
On March 18, 2016, the museum opened a new place in Marcel Breuer's designed building on Madison Avenue and 75th Street on Manhattan's Upper East Side, a former Whitney Museum of American Art. It extends the program of modern art and contemporary museums.
Maps Metropolitan Museum of Art
Library
Each Department has a library, most of which can be requested online through library catalogs.
Two of the libraries can be accessed without an appointment:
Thomas J. Watson Library
The Thomas J. Watson Library is the library of the Metropolitan Art Museum center, and supports staff and research activities. The Watson Library collection contains about 900,000 volumes, including monographs and exhibition catalogs; more than 11,000 periodical titles; and over 125,000 auctions and sales catalogs. Libraries include reference collections, auction and sales catalogs, rare book collections, manuscript items, and vertical file collections. The library is accessible to anyone aged 18 years or older by simply registering online and providing a valid photo ID.
Nolen Library
The Nolen Library is open to the general public. A collection of about 8,000 items, arranged in an open shelf, including books, picture books, DVDs, and videos. The Nolen Library includes children's reading rooms and materials for teachers.
Special exhibits
The museum regularly organizes special exhibitions, often focusing on the works of an artist who has been lent from museums and other sources during the exhibition. These exhibits are part of the attraction that attracts people both inside and outside Manhattan to explore the Met. Such exhibits include displays designed specifically for the Costume Institute, paintings from artists from around the world, artwork related to certain art movements, and collections of historical artifacts. The exhibits are usually located within their special department, ranging from American decorative arts, weapons and armor, drawings and prints, Egyptian art, medieval art, musical instruments, and photographs. Typical exhibitions last for months and are open to the general public. Each exhibition provides insight into the art world as a transformative cultural experience and often includes historical analysis to show the profound impact art has had on society and its dramatic transformation over the years.
In 1969, a special exhibition, entitled "Harlem on My Mind" was criticized for failing to showcase works by Harlem artists. The museum defends its decision to portray Harlem itself as a work of art. Norman Lewis, Benny Andrews, Romare Bearden, Clifford Joseph, Roy DeCarava, Reginald Gammon, Henri Ghent, Raymond Saunders, and Alice Neel were among the performers.
History
The State Legislature of New York conferred the Metropolitan Museum of Art an Act of Incorporation on 13 April 1870 "for the purpose of establishment and maintenance of the City, the Museum and the Library of Art, to encourage and develop Art Studies, and the application of Art to produce and natural life, promote general knowledge of the related subjects, and for the ultimate purpose of instruction and popular recreation ". This law was subsequently added by the 1893 Act, Chapter 476, which requires that its collections "should remain open and accessible to the public free of all expenses throughout the year." The founders include entrepreneurs and financiers, as well as leading artists and thinkers of the day, who want to open a museum to bring art and art education to the American people.
The museum first opened on February 20, 1872, housed in a building located on 681 Fifth Avenue. John Taylor Johnston, a railroad executive whose personal art collection was the flagship of the museum, served as its first president, and publisher George Palmer Putnam entered the founding supervisor. Artist Eastman Johnson acts as one of the founders of the museum. Other industrialists of that era served as co-founders, including Howard Potter. Former Civil War officer, Luigi Palma at Cesnola, was appointed first director. He served from 1879 until 1904. Under their guidance, possession of the Met, originally composed of Roman stone sarcophagi and 174 paintings of most of Europe, quickly surpassed the available space. In 1873, caused by the purchase of Met from the Cesnola Collection of the curios of Cyprus, the museum ceased from Fifth Avenue and took up residence at Mrs Nicholas Cruger Mansion also known as Douglas Mansion (James Renwick, 1853-54, destroyed) at 128 West 14th Street. However, this new accommodation proved temporary, as the growing collection required more space than the mansion could provide. Between 1879 and 1895, the Museum created and operated a series of educational programs, known as the Metropolitan Art School Art Museum, intended to provide vocational and classroom training on fine arts.
The museum celebrates its 75th anniversary (called Diamond Jubilee) with various events in 1946, culminating in the opening ceremony of its first exhibition on February 22, 1947. This anniversary celebration included speeches, exhibitions, cross-promotions with film and drama, and the corresponding display in the Fifth Avenue shop window. The celebrations also include membership encouragement and fundraising campaigns to support the renovation and expansion of the Central Park building planned under the leadership of Vice President of the museum Thomas J. Watson. The original plan, which was not realized, included the incorporation of the Whitney Museum of American Art to the Metropolitan Museum.
In 1954, to celebrate the opening of Grace Rainey Rogers concert hall, the museum inaugurated a series of concerts, adding to art lectures in 1956. The "Concert & Teaching Program" has grown over the years to 200 events each season. The program features players like Marian Anderson, Cecilia Bartoli, Judy Collins, Marilyn Horne, Burl Ives, Juilliard String Quartet, Yo-Yo Ma, Itzhak Perlman, Artur Rubinstein, AndrÃÆ'¡s Schiff, Nina Simone, Joan Sutherland and Andrà © © Watts, as well as lectures on the history of art, music, dance, theater, and social history. The program was directed, from the beginning until 1968, by William Kolodney, and from 1969 to 2010, by Hilde Limondjian.
In the 1960s, the Met administration was developed to include, for the first time, the Chair of the Supervisory Board in the contemplation of the great testament of Robert Lehman's estate. For six decades, Lehman built an art collection started by his father in 1911 and devoted much time to Met, before finally becoming chairman of the first board in the Metropolitan in the 1960s. After his death in 1969, Robert Lehman Foundation donated nearly 3,000 works of art to the Metropolitan Art Museum. Housed in the Robert Lehman Wing, open to the public in 1975 and largely funded by the Lehman Foundation, the museum calls it "one of the most remarkable personal art collections ever assembled in the United States".
The Metropolitan Art Centennial Museum is celebrated with exhibits, symposia, concerts, lectures, re-open galleries, special tours, social events and other programs for eighteen months from October 1969 to spring 1971. Centennial events (including open house, Centennial Ball, a year-long general art history course, and a variety of educational programs and mobile exhibitions) and publications drew support from leading New Yorkers, artists, writers, composers, interior designers, and art historians. In 2009 Michael Gross published The Secret History of the Mogul and the Money That Made the Metropolitan Museum, an unlawful social history, and the museum bookstore refused to sell it.
In 2012, following the appointment of Daniel Brodsky as Chairman of the Board at Met, the museum legislation was formally amended to recognize the Chairman's office as having authority over the assignment and review of the two offices of the President and Director of the museum. The Office of the Chair was first introduced relatively late in museum history in the 1960s in contemplation of anticipated donations from the Lehman collection to the museum and since then, under Brodsky, became the most senior administrative position in the museum. In January 2018, Daniel Weiss as museum president announced that a free entry policy into the museum in the 19th century would be replaced by a new admissions policy that would cost $ 25 for overseas and foreign visitors to the museum. effective March 2018.
Architecture
After negotiating with New York City in 1871, Met was given ground between East Park Drive, Fifth Avenue, and 79th and 85th Transverse Road in Central Park. "Mausoleum" of red brick and stone was designed by American architect Calvert Vaux and his collaborator, Jacob Wrey Mold. Vaux's ambitious buildings are not well received; style High Victorian Gothic buildings that are deemed to be dated before completion, and Met president calls the project a "mistake".
In 20 years, the new architectural plan that hit the Vaux building has been executed. Since then, many additions have been made including the distinctive Beaux-Arts Fifth Avenue, Great Hall, and Grand Stairway facades. It was designed by architect and Met trustee Richard Morris Hunt, but was completed by his son Richard Howland Hunt in 1902 after the death of his father. The architectural statue on the facade is by Karl Bitter.
The wings that complemented the facade of Fifth Avenue in 1910 were designed by the McKim firm, Mead & amp; White. The modern glass side and the back of the museum are works by Roche-Dinkeloo. Kevin Roche has been an architect for master plans and museum expansion for the past 42 years. He is responsible for designing all new wings and renovations including but not limited to American Wing, Greek and Roman Courts, and recently opened the Islamic Wing.
In 2010, Met measured nearly 1 / 4 -mile (400 m) long and with over 2,000,000 square feet (190,000 m < soup> 2 ) of the floor area, more than 20 times the size of the original building 1880. The museum building is the addition of more than 20 structures, most of which are not visible from the exterior. The city of New York has museum buildings and donates utilities, heat, and some trust fees. The Charles Engelhard court of the American Wing featured the facade of the United States Bank Branch, a Wall Street bank facing demolition in 1913.
The main building of this museum was designated as the National Historic Landmark in 1986, which recognizes its monumental architecture, and its importance as a cultural institution.
Roof garden
The Iris and B. Gerald Cantor Roof Garden is located on the roof near the southwest corner of the museum. Cafe and bar gardens are popular museum spots during the sunny months, especially on Friday and Saturday nights when large crowds can cause long lines in lifts. The rooftop garden offers views of Central Park and the Manhattan skyline. The gardens are a gift from philanthropic Iris and B. Gerald Cantor, founder and chairman of securities firm Cantor Fitzgerald. The garden was opened to the public on August 1, 1987.
Every summer since 1998 the rooftop garden has hosted an exhibition of one artist. The artists have been: Ellsworth Kelly (1998), Magdalena Abakanowicz (1999), David Smith (2000), Joel Shapiro (2001), Claes Oldenburg and Coosje van Bruggen (2002), Roy Lichtenstein (2003), Andy Goldsworthy (2004) Sol LeWitt (2005), Cai Guo-Qiang (2006), Frank Stella (2007), Jeff Koons (2008), Roxy Paine (2009) and Big BambÃÆ'º by Doug and Mike Starn (2010).
The rooftop garden has a great view of the Manhattan skyline from a high vantage point above Central Park. The view has been described as "the best in Manhattan." Art critics have been known to complain that the view "diverts attention" from art at the exhibition. New York Times art critic Ken Johnson complains that "the stunning views of Central Park and the Manhattan horizon" create an "unfriendly place for sculptures" to "caution, search for the contemplative." € Author Mindy Aloff describes the roof garden as "the most beautiful airspace I know of in New York." Cafe and bar in this park is considered romantic by many people.
Management
Government
Although New York City owns museum buildings and donates utilities, heat, and part of a trust fee, the collection is owned by a private company of nineteen people and generous benefactors of about 950 people. The museum is managed by a supervisory board of 41 elected members, several New York City officials, and people are respected as guardians by the museum. Current chairman Daniel Brodsky was elected in 2011. Other important superintendents included Anna Wintour, Richard Chilton, Candace Beinecke, Alejandro Santo Domingo, and Mayor Bill de Blasio and the designee Ken Sunshine. On March 10, 2015, the board of trustees chose Daniel Weiss, president of Haverford College, to become the last president and chief operating officer of Met, replacing Emily K. Rafferty, who served in that role for a decade. The search for the new director and CEO for the Museum was announced on 28 February 2017 and commissioned by Phillips Oppenheim human resources company following the departure of Thomas Campbell as previous Met and CEO director on June 30, 2017. The Supervisory Board's activities are organized and based on their respective activities. each guardian and their various committees by 2016. Several committees of the Supervisory Board include committees listed as Nominations, Executives, Acquisitions, Finance, Investments, Laws, Education, Audit, Employee Benefits, External Affairs, Trade, Membership, Buildings, Technologies, and Funds to Meet.
List of elective watchdogs from Met for 2016-2017 including Jeffrey W. Greenberg, Bonnie B. Himmelman, and Andrew Solomon.
Financial
By 2017, museum donations as arranged by the new investment officer of the museum Lauren Meserve are $ 3.1 billion USD which provides a lot of revenue for operations, while revenue accounts for only 13 percent of revenues in fiscal year 2016. The 2009-10 operating budget is $ 221 million. The ticket price of the museum in March 2018 is $ 25 for foreign and foreign visitors, while New Yorkers can pay what they want to enter. Though subject to reassessment, the 1970 agreement between museums and New York City requires New York state visitors to pay at least a nominal amount; one cent is acceptable. The Met finance committee is headed by Hamilton E. James of The Blackstone Group, who is also one of the board members at Met. The Met is reported to have an Aaa credit rating, the highest possible rating. This was confirmed by Moody's in 2015.
setback 2015-2018
In September 2016, the Wall Street Journal first reported the financial setbacks at the museum associated with the payment of its debts and deductions related to staff at the museum, in order to balance its budget. in fiscal year 2018. According to Met annual tax filing for fiscal year 2016, some top executives have received disproportionate compensation, often exceeding 1 million USD per year with more than 100 thousand USD bonuses per year.
In April 2017, New York Times reported that Met's annual debt was approaching $ 40 million, in addition to an incredible $ 250 million museum bond. This resulted in an unlimited delay of planned architectural expansion of $ 600 million from the exhibition space for the museum's modern art collection as well as initiating a general discussion on human resource management. The current chairman of the board in Met 2011, Daniel Brodsky, stated in response to the Times report that he "is looking forward to working with my administrative colleagues and councils to support a climate of openness, transparency, accountability and mutual respect. "In January 2018, Daniel Weiss as museum president stated that the downsized version of the $ 600 million architectural expansion that was originally possible was reconsidered in early 2020 with a reduction to $ 450 million.
Brodsky, Chairman of the Met, stated that after the 2017 financial setback, the position of Director will be lifted separately from the position of CEO. Following a report commissioned from Boston Consulting Group, current interim CEO, president, and COO Met, Daniel Weiss, said that the 2015-2017 financial decline was due to "slowing in revenues, cost increases, and too many projects at all." Weiss is further reported to have hired Will Manzer, a former executive at Perry Ellis, to help revive recent declining revenues in the museum. On April 26, Weiss stated that a budget shortfall of $ 15 million might require a reassessment and improvement of the museum's current entrance fee policy. Weiss added that there are still concerns for a sustainable fiscal model for Met where city officials "have a right to a clear understanding of how we will engage the public, how we balance access with sustainability." In May 2017, Met submitted an official proposal to try to charge entry fees to visitors outside the state. Robin Pogrebin, writing for the Times, reported that requests for out-of-state receipts would call for a re-legislation of the New York State 1893 Act which requires that museum collections "be kept open and accessible to the public free of charge from all expenses during the year, "and any unauthorized changes will be challenged by New York attorney Eric Schneiderman or one of Tristat's counselors Christopher Porrino or George Jepsen.
In January 2018, Pogrebin's writing for The New York Times reported that amid a continuing repetition of the "period of financial upheaval and leadership turmoil" that museum president Daniel Weiss has announced that the museum will cancel the century forever. a free admission policy to the museum and began charging $ 25 for overseas visitors beginning in March 2018. Pogrebin stated that although the museum has progressed in reducing its deficit from forty million dollars to ten million dollars, that the adverse decision of New York City to limit funding for Met operating costs of up to eight million dollars "for security and staff building" caused Weiss to announce a change in admissions policy. Weiss indicated that the new policy is expected to increase from the current $ 43 million received from revenue to inflated revenue streams as high as $ 49 million USD.
Attendance
For the fiscal year 2017 that ended on June 30, the museum reportedly had 7 million visitors over the past year, where "37 percent of them are international visitors, while 30 percent come from five New York districts." Earlier in 2016, the museum recorded a record attendance, attracting 6.7 million visitors - the highest number since the museum began tracking receipts. Forty percent of Met visitors in fiscal year 2016 are from New York City and ruling territories; 41 percent of 190 countries other than the United States. By 2017, attendance figures show seven million annual visitors with 63% of visitors coming from outside New York State.
Roberta Smith wrote for The New York Times in September 2017 voicing growing public concerns that the proposed increase in the cost of acceptance would have a negative impact on museum attendance statistics. Smith referred to the public perception that such costs would appear "greedy and inappropriate" because "the Museum has got about $ 39 million a year from its gates - equal to the entire annual budget of the Brooklyn Museum." Smith's article continues to report negative responses from local communities in the tristate area around the museum previously introduced in a series of articles by Robin Pogrebin written during the fiscal year 2016-2017 at the museum that criticized speculative suggestions among current administrators at the museum that additional income streams can being chased by museums by embracing existing museum policies since 1893 allows free public access to museums. In January 2018, museum president Daniel Weiss announced that a one-century free museum entry policy would be replaced. Effective March 2018, most visitors who do not live in New York State have to pay $ 25 to enter the museum. New York City has reduced funding in the Metropolitan as part of the political effort of Mayor De Blasio to increase art diversity. They made a deal to allow payments in exchange for the fewer funds the city promised to use in alternative facilities and promote diversity.
Both Holland Carter and Roberta Smith of The New York Times have argued in response to Weiss's decision to cancel the previous free admission policy because it is lacking in responsible fiscal planning. They claim that the recent $ 65 million expenditure to renovate the fountain appears to be a poor allocation of the limited available funds. Smith added, "The dreadful Darth Vaderish fountain takes a large chunk of the square and disrupts the movement," as an indication of misuse of funds. Further criticism of Weiss's proposal was voiced internationally when The Guardian summarized the reaction of Weiss's proposal to raise the registration fee. It states, "Some criticism is angry, and last week saw a piece of the New York Times titled" The New Payment Policy Is a Mistake ", while Jezebel's AimÃÆ' Â © e Lutkin claims" The Met Should Be Fucking Free ". < The New York Post wrote that the museum has never had the right to charge admission and Alexandra Schwartz in New Yorker says the new policy reduces New York City.
Acquisition and termination
The Metropolitan Art Museum spends $ 39 million to acquire art for the fiscal year ending in June 2012. At the same time, the museum is required to list in its annual report the total cash income of art sales annually and to itemize the in- access is valued at more than $ 50,000 each. It should also sell the pieces at auction and give advance public notice about a work that is sold if it has been exhibited in the last ten years. These rules were enforced by the State Attorney General of New York in 1972.
During the 1970s, under the post of director Thomas Hoving, Met revised its termination policy. Under the new policy, Met sets out its goal of getting a "world-class" cut, regularly funding purchases by selling medium- to high-value items from its collections. Although Met always sells duplicates or small items from its collection to fund the acquisition of new pieces, the new Met policy is significantly more aggressive and widespread than before, and allows the deaccessmenting of items with higher scores that would normally hinder their sales. The new policy provokes a lot of criticism (in particular, from The New York Times) but has the desired effect.
Many items then purchased with funds generated by a more liberal deformation policy are now considered the "stars" of the Met collection, including Diego VelÃÆ'¡zquez Juan de Pareja's Portrait and the Euphronios crater depicting the death of Sarpedon (who since then has been repatriated to the Republic of Italy). In the years since Met embarked on a new deformation policy, other museums have begun to keep pace with their own aggressive deactivation programs. The Met has continued its policy in recent years, selling precious pieces like 1904 photos of Edward Steichen The Pond-Moonlight (which is another copy already in the Met collection) for a record price of $ 2.9 million.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
0 Comments