The history of the United States postal service begins with the delivery of unfinished letters, which are borne by the receiving person, then also includes prepaid letters made by private mail carriers and temporary post offices, and peaks in a universal prepaid payment system that requires all letters to cover national-issued adhesive cost stamps.
In the early days, the ship's captain arrives at the harbor with a bare letter going to advertise on the name of the local newspaper of those who have a letter and for them to come collect and pay for it, if it has not been paid by the sender. Postal delivery in the United States was a problem of grassroots local organization until after the Revolutionary War, when finally a national postal system was established. The stamped letters, paid by the recipient, and the personal postal system, gradually removed after the introduction of postage stamps, first issued by the US government post office July 1, 1847, in denominations of five and ten cents, with the use of compulsory stamps made in the year 1855.
The problems and use of postage stamps continued during the 19th century primarily for first class mail. Each of these stamps generally contains the face or statue of an American president or other historically important statesman. However, after the Post Office realized during the 1890s that it could increase its revenue by selling stamps as "collectibles," it began issuing the first commemorative stamps with respect to important national exposition, then for a memorial of significant American historical events. Continued technological innovations then encourage the introduction of special stamps, such as those used with airmail, zeppelin mail, registered mail, certified letters, and so on. Postage stamps issued for some time and inserted by the post office to letters that have insufficient postage with postage due to be paid to the postal operator at the address of the recipient.
Today, postage stamps issued by the post office are self-adhesive, and no longer require stamps to "lick" to disperse glue on their backs. In many cases, post office employees now use the Postal Value Indicator (IPI), which is a computer label, not a postage stamp.
Where for a century and a half or more, stamps are almost always denominational with their values ​​(5 cents, 10 cents, etc.) The United States post office now sells non-denominational "forever" stamps for use on first-class and international mail. This stamp is still valid despite the tariff increase. However, for other uses, adhesive stamps with denominational indicators are still available and sold.
Video Postage stamps and postal history of the United States
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The postal service began in the first half of the 17th century serving the first American colony; today, the United States Postal Service is a large government organization that provides services across the United States and its territory overseas.
In the American colonies, independently run independent mail routes began in Boston in early 1639, with Boston's service to New York City starting in 1672.
Approved official lettering service began in 1692 when King William III gave an English patron a "patent" of delivery which included the exclusive right to assign and collect official postal tax on official documents of all kinds. (Years later, taxation implemented through the purchase of mandatory stamps was a problem that helped spark the American Revolution.) Taxes were revoked a year later, and very few were actually used in thirteen colonies, but they saw service in Canada and the islands The English Caribbean.
In the years leading up to the route of the American Revolutionary route among the colonies there were along several roads between Boston, New York and Philadelphia. In the mid-18th century, men like Benjamin Franklin and William Goddard were colonial postmasters who administered mail later and were the general architects of the postal system which began as an alternative to the Crown Post (later colonial mail system) which is now becoming more unbelievable when The American Revolution is getting closer. The postal system that Franklin and Goddard opposed from the American Revolution became the standard for the new US Post Office and is a system whose basic design is still used in the US Postal Service today.
Maps Postage stamps and postal history of the United States
Post office and post
In 1775, when Benjamin Franklin was appointed the first Postmaster General, the US Post Office was born. Very important is the Postmaster General who in 1829 this position was included among them in the Presidential Cabinet. As America began to grow and new towns and villages began to emerge, so did the Post Office with them. The date and postmark generated from these places often give historians with windows to a particular time and place in question. Each postmark is uniquely distinctive with its own country and city name, in addition to a distinctive date. Post offices along the railways and at various military posts have their own particular historical aspect. Mail and postmarks generated from prisoners of war camps during the Civil War, or from naval vessels, each with a US Post Office aboard, can and have offered exceptional insights into the history of the United States and are highly sought after by historians and collectors.
Email before postage
Prior to the introduction of postage stamps, it was the recipient of the letter - not the sender - who generally paid the cost of stamps, giving direct costs to the postman at the time of delivery. The task of raising money for letter after letter greatly slowed the postman on his route. In addition, the intended party sometimes rejects a piece of mail, which must then be brought back to the Post Office (post office budgets are always allowed for unreachable volume of letters). Only occasionally do the sender pay for advance shipping, an arrangement that usually requires a personal visit to the Post Office. To be sure, the postmaster allows some citizens to run a charge account for their prepaid delivery and mail, but the bookkeeping is another inefficiency.
Postage stamps revolutionize this process, leading to universal prepayment; but a prerequisite for their problems by a country is the setting of standard tariffs for delivery across the country. If postal charges remain (as they are in many countries) patchwork of varying degrees of jurisdiction, the use of stamps will only result in limited efficiency improvements, since the postal clerk still has to spend time counting rates on multiple letters: only then will the sender know how much postage to wear.
Temporary issue stamp
The introduction of stamps in England in May 1840 was received with great interest in the United States (and worldwide). Later that year, Daniel Webster rose in the US Senate to recommend that recent UK post reforms - the standard level and use of postage - were adopted in America.
Will be a private company, however, that brings stamps to the US. On February 1, 1842, a new transport service called "Postal Delivery City" began operating in New York City, introducing the first ever postage stamps produced in the western hemisphere, which it required its clients to use all email. This stamp is a 3 Â ¢ edition with a rather amateurish George Washington image, printed from the carved plate of the line in a 42-piece sheet. The company was founded by Henry Thomas Windsor, a London merchant who at that time lived in Hoboken, New Jersey. Alexander M. Greig is advertised as a postal "agent," and as a result, historians and philatelists tend to refer to the company only as the "Greig City Sender Post," which does not mention Windsor. In another innovation, the company placed mailbox collection boxes around the city for the convenience of its customers.
A few months after its establishment, the City Shipping Post was sold to the US Government, which he named the "City Sender Post." The government started this local postal operation on August 16, 1842, under the Congress Act several years earlier which authorized local shipments. Greig, who was arrested by the Post Office to run the service, kept the original Washington stamp of the company in use, but immediately changed his writing to reflect the name change. In its revised form, this issue became the first postage produced under the auspices of the western government.
The March 3, 1845 Congress Act (effective July 1, 1845), set a uniform (and largely reduced) uniform rate across the country, with a uniform five cent for distances below 300 miles (500 km) and ten cents for the distance between 300 and 3000 miles. However, Congress did not allow the production of stamps for national use until 1847; However, postmasters recognize that standard tariffs are now possible to produce and sell "temporary" issues for uniform post fee payments, and are printed in large quantities. Such providers include prepaid envelopes and stamps, mostly from crude designs, New York Postmaster's Provisional being the only quality that is comparable to the next stamp.
The temporary issues of Baltimore are well known for signatures reproduced from postmaster cities - James M. Buchanan (1803-1876), cousin to President James Buchanan. All temporary problems are rare, some of which are: at the Siegel Gallery auction in New York in March 2012, a Millbury example while earning $ 400,000, while copies of Alexandria and Annapolis each each selling for $ 550,000. Eleven cities printed temporary stamps in 1845 and 1846:
- Alexandria, Virginia ("ALEXANDRIA POST OFFICE" in a circle)
- Annapolis, Maryland (hawks in a circle)
- Baltimore, Maryland (James Buchanan's signature)
- Boscawen, New Hampshire ("PAY/5/CENTER")
- Brattleboro, Vermont (shaded box with postmaster initials inside)
- Lockport, New York ("LOCKPORT N.Y." in oval)
- Millbury, Massachusetts (piece of wood from George Washington)
- New Haven, Connecticut ("POST OFFICE" in box, signature P.M)
- New York, New York ("POST OFFICE" above Washington portrait)
- Providence, Rhode Island ("POST OFFICE/PROV.R.I." in the shaded box)
- St. Louis, Missouri (St. Louis Bears, the symbol of Missouri)
(See also: US Postmaster Postal Stamps Gallery, 1845-47.)
The 1845 Congressional Act did, in fact, raise the rate on one significant class of letters: the so-called "drop mail" - i. e, mail sent from the same post office that collects it. Previously a penny, the drop rate dropped to two cents.
First national postage stamp
Congress was finally provided for the publication of stamps by passing laws on March 3, 1847, and the Principal immediately awarded the contract to New York City's carving firms from Rawdon, Wright, Hatch, and Edson. The first US stamp issue was offered for sale on July 1, 1847, in New York City, with Boston receiving stamps the next day and other cities thereafter. They consist of a 5 cent brown stamp depicting Benjamin Franklin (the first postmaster of the US), and a 10-cent black with George Washington. Like all US stamps up to 1857, they are imperforate.
The 5 cents seal is paid for a letter weighing less than 1/2 ounce and traveling up to 300 miles, a 10-cent stamp for delivery to a location greater than 300 miles, or, doubling the weight of the shipment to a 5-cent stamp. Each stamp is hand-carved with what is believed to be steel, and arranged in 200 stamps. The 5-cent stamp is often found today with a very bad impression because the type of ink used contains small pieces of quartz that coat the steel plate used to print the stamp. On the other hand, most 10 cents stamps have a strong impression. The fresh, brilliant 5-cent seal is printed by collectors.
The use of postage stamps is optional: mail can still be sent requiring postage payment upon delivery. Indeed, the post office did not issue a 2 cent mark for an initial deposit letter in 1847, and this continues to be handled as it should. However, many Americans use stamps; about 3.7 million from 5 Â ¢ and about 865,000 from 10 Â ¢ sold, and enough of those survivors to ensure a ready supply for collectors, although the demand was very good 5 Â ¢ sold for around $ 500 in 2003, and 10 Ã, Â ¢ in excellent condition sells for about $ 1,400 in the form used. Unused stamps are much rarer, at a price of about $ 6,000 and $ 28,000, if in very good condition. One can pay as little as 5 to 10 percent of these numbers if the stamps are in poor condition.
The post office had become very efficient in 1851 that Congress was able to reduce the general rate to three cents (which remained unchanged for over thirty years), requiring the issuance of new postage stamps. In addition, the general rate is now valid for mail brought up to 3000 miles. This level, however, applies only to prepaid letters: letters sent without stamps still cost the recipient five cents - clear evidence that Congress envisioned making future compulsory use (it happened in 1855). A 1-cent drop-letter rate is also restored, and the Post Office plan initially does not include a cap for it; then, however, the essay for the double-weight stamp of Franklin 6 cents was converted into a drop-letter value. Along with this 1  ¢ stamp, the post office initially only issued two additional denominations in the series 1851: 3  ¢ and 12Ã,  ¢, three stamps to be sold in July and August. Since 1847 postage is no longer in accordance with any postal rates, they are declared invalid after a short period in which the public can exchange old stamps with new ones. However, ironically, within a few years the Post Office found that old denominations of stamps were needed, and hence, added a 10  ¢ value to the series in 1855, followed by a cap  ¢ 5  ¢ the following year. The full series include the 1  ¢ Franklin profile in blue, profile 3Ã,  ¢ from Washington in brown, portrait 5  ¢ Thomas Jefferson, and Washington portraits for 10Ã,  ¢ green and 12Ã,  ¢ black values. Cap 1  ¢ reaches fame, at least among philatelists, because the production problem (stamp design is too high for the space provided) leads to the modification of the plates done bit by bit, and not less than seven major varieties, ranging in price from $ 100 to $ 200,000 (the last one for the only stamp of 200 images on the first plate featuring the top design and complete bottom ornament). Sharp-eyed collectors regularly find unrecognized rare species.
- The first national postage stamp
1857 saw the introduction of perforations, and in 1860 24 Â ¢, 30 Â ¢ and 90 Â ¢ values ​​(with more images than Washington and Franklin) were issued for the first time. These higher denominations, especially the 90c value, are available for a short time (approximately one year) that they barely have a chance to use. The 90c stamp used is a very rare item, and so often forged so the authorities ask the collector to avoid a canceled copy that does not have expert certification.
In February 1861, a congressional action directed that "cards, empty or imprinted... Also considered ordinary objects, and filled with postage at a rate of one cent per ounce." Private companies soon began issuing postcards, printed with a rectangle in the upper right corner where the stamp was affixed. (The Post Office will not produce pre-printed "postcards" for a dozen years.)
This issue was declared invalid for the postage in May 1861, as the Confederate States had their inventory. Therefore, postage stamps used after that date usually have an "OLD STAMPS/NOT RECOGNIZED" sign on the cover.
Civil War era issue
The outbreak of the American Civil War caused the postal system to become chaotic. On April 13, 1861, the day after the shooting at Fort Sumter, John H. Reagan, the postmaster-general of the Confederate States of America, ordered local passports to return their US stamps to Washington DC (though not many may be possible) May Union decided to withdraw and cancel all existing US stamps, and issue new stamps. The confederate post office was left without valid postage for several months, and while many returned to the old cash payment system at the post office, more than 100 post offices throughout South Korea came up with their own temporary problems. Many are quite rare, with only one surviving example of some type. Finally the Confederation government issued its own stamps; see postage stamps and history from the Confederate State.
In the North, new stamp designs are available in August, and ancient stamps are accepted instead, with different deadlines for assigned replacements for different parts of the country, from September 10 to November 1, then modified to November 1 through January. 1, 1862. The whole process is very confusing to the public, and there are a number of covers from 1862 and later with 1857 stamps and marked "OLD STAMPS NOT RECOGNIZED".
The 1861 stamps have the same letter "U S" in their design. To make them differentiated from older stamps in an instant, all are required to have their values ​​declared in Arabic numerals (in the previous series, Arabic numbers appear only on 30 Â ¢ stamps). The original issues include all the denominations offered in the previous series: 1 Â ¢, 3Ã, Â ¢, 5Ã, Â ¢, 10Ã, Â ¢, 12Ã, Â ±, 24Ã, Â ¢, 30Ã, Â ¢ and 90Ã, Â ¢ stamps. The numbers are separate, some of them very similar to their previous counterparts - mainly because Franklin, Washington, and Jefferson still appear in the same denomination as before. Differences in the design of the frame more easily visible.
The 2 Â ¢ stamp in black featuring Andrew Jackson was issued in 1863 and is now known by collectors as "Black Jack". The black 15 Â ¢ stamp depicting the recently murdered Abraham Lincoln was issued in 1866, and is generally regarded as part of the same series. Although not officially described as such, and a value of 15 ¢ ¢ was chosen to cover the newly established costs for registered mail, many philatelists regarded this as the first ever warning stamp ever issued.
The war greatly increased the number of letters in North Korea; eventually about 1.750 million copies of 3 Â ¢ printed stamps, and a lot of survivors to this day, usually sold for 2-3 dollars. Mostly red; the pink version is much rarer and quite expensive, especially the "pink pink blood", which costs $ 3,000 and higher.
The stamps of the 1861 series, unlike the previous two editions, still apply to postage after being replaced - like every next United States stamp.
Pony Express
In 1860, the US Post Office incorporated Pony Express services to send letters to and from San Francisco, an important venture with the outbreak of the Civil War, as communication links between Union forces and San Francisco and the West Coast were very bad. needed. The Pony Express Trail from St. Petersburg Joseph, Missouri, to Sacramento, California, has a length of 1840 miles. Arriving in Sacramento, the US letter was placed on a steamboat and proceeded to the Sacramento River to San Francisco for a total of 1,966 miles. The Pony Express is a short-lived company, which still operates for just 18 months. As a result, there are few Pony Express letters that still exist today, only 250 examples are known to exist.
Encapsulate postage
The widespread coin deposition during the Civil War created deficiencies, prompting the use of postage stamps for currency. To be sure, the fragility of the stamps makes them unsuitable for hand-to-hand circulation, and to solve this problem, John Gault discovers a stamp that was wrapped up in 1862. A normal US stamp wrapped around a circular cardboard disc and then placed inside a coin-shaped circular brass jacket. The transparent mica window on the jacket allows the face of the stamp to be seen. All eight denominations available in 1861-62, ranging from 1 cent to 90 cents, are offered in wrapped versions. The letters delivered on the back of the jacket metal often advertise the goods or services of the business enterprise; this includes the Aerated Bread Company; Ayers Sarsaparilla and Cathartic Pills; Burnett's Cocoaine; Sands Ale; Bitter Drake Plantation; Buhl & amp; Hat and Fur Co; & Amp; Taylor; Tremont House, Chicago; Joseph L. Bates Luxury Goods; White Hatter, New York City; and Ellis McAlpin & amp; Dry Goods Co., Cincinnati. (See also: Fractional currency.)
Grills
During the 1860s, postal authorities became concerned about reuse postmark. Although there is little evidence that this happens frequently, many post offices never accept a cancellation device. Instead, they improvised the cancellation process by scribbling on a stamp with a pen ink ("cancellation"), or a shrinking design in cork pieces, sometimes very fancy ("fancy cancels"), to mark stamps. However, because poor quality ink can be washed off the stamp, this method will only be quite successful. A number of inventors patented ideas to try to solve the problem.
The Post Office eventually adopted a grill, a tool consisting of a small pyramidal protrusion pattern that would spread the stamps, breaking the fibers so that the ink would sink deeper, making it harder to clean. Although the patent still exists (No. 70,147), many roasting processes are actually not well documented, and there are many studies that try to recreate what happened and when. The stamp studies show that there are eleven types of grill used, differentiated by size and shape (philatelists have labeled them with the letters AJ and Z), and that the practice began some time in 1867 and gradually abandoned after 1871. A number of grilled stamps were one which is very rare from US philately. The United States 1 Â ¢ Z grill is considered old as the rarest of all US stamps, with only two known to exist. However, in 1961, it was found that a 15 Â ¢ stamp of the same series also existed in a Z-toaster version; this stamp is as rare as 1Ã, Â ¢, because only two instances of the 15Ã ¢ Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Z are unknown Rarer may still be a 30 Â ¢ stamp with I Grill, a new found recently: in October 2011, only one copy was known.
1869
In 1868, the Post Office contracted the National Bank Notes Company to produce new stamps with various designs. It appeared in 1869, and is famous for their various subjects; 2 Â ¢ describes Pony Express riders, 3 Â ¢ locomotives, 12 Â ¢ Adriatic steamers, 15 Â ¢ landing Christopher Columbus, and 24 Â ¢ signings of the Declaration of Independence.
Another innovation in what has become known as the Pictorial Problem 1869 includes the first use of two-color printing on US stamps, and as a consequence is the first reversal error. Though popular with collectors today, these unusual stamps are not very popular among the population who are accustomed to postage that contains classic portrayals of Washington, Franklin, and other ancestors. As a result, the Post Office withdraws all remaining stock after one year.
Bank Note
Stamps issued in the 1870s and 1880s are collectively known as "Banknotes" because they are manufactured by the National Bank Notes Company, Continental Bank Note Company, then American Bank Note Company. After the failure of 1869 with the pictorial stamp issue, the new Postmaster-General decided to base a series of stamps on the "esteemed, honorable American head, profile," using a "marble statue of recognized superiority" as a model. George Washington is returned to the normal-letter-rate stamp: he has played that role in 1851 and 1861 issues and will continue to do so in each subsequent definitive set until the 1938 Presidential Series. But the large banknotes do not represent a total retreat for past practice, to famous Americans expanded beyond Franklin and various presidents to include figures such as Henry Clay and Oliver Hazard Perry. Additionally, while state-of-the-art images have provided the only pictorial content of a pre-1869 problem, large banknotes do not completely exclude other representative images. The two denominations of this series are accompanied by their portraits with iconographic drawings appropriate for the statesman they respected: guns, cannons and cannon shells appeared at the bottom corner of the 24 cent problem addressed to General Winfield Scott, while the 90-cent framed cap Admiral Oliver Perry in a rope that is moored in the sea and includes an anchor in the lower corner of the design. The first national printed this, then in 1873 the Continental accepted the contract - and the plate was used nationally. Continental added secret signs to the lower value plates, distinguishing them from previous problems. The American Bank Note company acquired Continental in 1879 and took over the contract, printing similar designs on softer paper and with some discoloration. The massive redesign, however, came only in 1890, when the American Bank Note Company published a new series in which the cap size was reduced by about 10% (the so-called "Small Bank Note").
In 1873, the Post Office began producing pre-printed postcards. One side is printed with a Liberty-head single stamp design, along with the words "US Postcard" and three blank lines provided for mailing address. Six years later, he introduced a series of seven postage postage stamps in denominations ranging from 1 Â ¢ to 50 Â ¢, all printed in the same brown color and corresponding to the same uniform and very utilitarian, with their denominations given in many more digits large from those found on definitive stamps. The design remained unchanged until 1894, and there are only four different stamp designs that have emerged to date.
In 1883, the first grade letter rate was reduced from 3 Â ¢ to 2 Â ¢, prompting redesign of the existing 3 Â ¢ Green Washington stamp, now a 2 Â ¢ brown matter.
Custom View
In 1885 the Post Office established a Special Delivery service, issuing a ten-cent stamp depicting a running envoy, along with the words "securing immediate delivery at a special shipping office." Initially, only 555 such offices existed but the following year all US Post Offices were obliged to provide such services - a no extension, however, reflected on the Special Delivery stamp until 1888, when the words "at the post office" appeared on the reprint. (On stamps over the coming years, the envoy will be given an increase in bicycle technology [1902] motorcycles [1922] and trucks [1925].Although the new US Special Delivery stamp issued in 1971, the service continued until 1997, by then most had been replaced by Priority Mail delivery, introduced in 1989.) The Special Delivery Issue 1885 was the first US postage designed in a double width format. Eight years later, this form will be chosen for the Columbus Exposition warning, as it offers an appropriate space for the historical tablo. The double-width spatial will then be used in many US Warnings.
Columbian Issues
World Columbian Exposition of 1893 commemorates the 400th anniversary of Christopher Columbus landings in America. The Post Office began acting, issuing a series of 16 stamps depicting Columbus and the episodes in his career, ranging in value from 1 Â ¢ to $ 5 (the count of the prince at that time). They are often regarded as the first warning stamps issued by any country.
The stamps are interesting and interesting, designed to appeal not only postage stamps but to historians, artists and of course the general public who bought them in record numbers due to fanfare from the Columbus Exhibition of the World Exposition in 1892 in Chicago, Illinois.
They were quite successful (very different from the 1869 drawing pictures), with lines spilling out from the state post office to buy stamps. They are appreciated by collectors today with a $ 5 denomination, for example, selling between $ 1,500 to $ 12,500 or more, depending on the condition of the stamp sold.
Another release in connection with the Columbian series is the reprint of the 1888 Special Delivery stamp, now colored orange (reportedly, to prevent postal employees from confusing with 1 Ã, Â ¢ Columbian). After the series sales ends, the Custom Delivery cap comes back in its original blue.
Bureau Problem
Also during 1893, the Engraving and Printing Bureau competed for a stamp printing contract, and won it on the first try. For the postage problem of the 1894 series, the Bureau took over the plates of the 1890 series of banknotes but modified them by adding triangles to the upper corner of the design. Three new designs are needed, because the Post Office chooses to add $ 1, $ 2 and $ 5 stamps to the series (previously, the top value of any definitive problem is 90 Â ¢). In many of the 1894 stamps, perforations have poor quality, but the Bureau will soon make technical improvements. In 1895, a falsification of 2 Â ¢ values ​​was found, which prompted the BEP to start printing stamps on watermark paper for the first time in the history of the US post. The watermark affixes the U S P S logo to the paper in double letters. The definitive issue of the 1890s Bureau consists of 13 different denominations ranging from 1 cent to 5 dollars, and can be distinguished by the presence or absence of this watermark, which will appear on all US Posage stamps between 1895 and 1910. The final problem of 1898 changed the color of many denominations to bring this series to the recommendation of the Universal Postal Union (an international body tasked with facilitating the passage of transnational letters). The goal is to ensure that in all member states, stamps for certain mail classes will appear in the same color. Thus, the US postage (postcard) 1 is now green and 5 Â ¢ stamps (international mail) are now blue, while 2 Â ¢ stamps remain red. (As a result, it is also necessary to change the blue and green colors at a higher value with other colors.) US stamps continued to reflect this color encoding strictly until the mid-1930s, as well as in unchanged purple usage for 3 Â ¢ stamps.
Start of the 20th century
In 1898, the Trans-Mississippi Exhibition opened in Omaha, Nebraska, and the Post Office was ready with Trans-Mississippi Issue. The nine stamps initially had two colors, with black sketches surrounded by colored frames, but the BEP, its resources burdened by the needs of the Spanish-American War, simplified the printing process, removing stamps in a single color. They were well received, though with little excitement over the people of Colombia; but like Colombians, today they are valued by collectors, and many consider the $ 1 "Stuff of the Western Hurricane Cattle" most attractive of all US stamps.
Collectors, still disgusted at the cost of Colombian stamps, object to the inclusion of the $ 1 and $ 2 issues in the Trans-Mississippi series giving them undue financial difficulties. Thus, the next series of stamps commemorating a prominent exposition, the Pan-American Exhibition held in Buffalo, New York in 1901, was much cheaper, consisting of only six stamps ranging from 1 to 10 Â °. The result, paradoxically, is a substantial increase in the profits of the Post Office; because, while the higher-priced Columbian and Trans-Mississippis people only sell about 20,000 copies, the public buys more than five million each of the Pan-American denominations. In the Pan-American series, the Post Office is aware of plans for two-color stamps to be incurred during the production of the Trans-Mississippi issue. The inverse placement of several sheets during the two-stage printing process resulted in the so-called Pan-American invert error on rare copies of stamps 1 Â ¢, 2Ã, Â ¢ and 4Ã, Â ¢.
The definitive issue of 1902-1903
The definitive stamps published by the US Post Office in 1902-1903 differed greatly in their overall design from the usual definitive stamps released over the past few decades. Among the prominent departures of tradition in this design is that the names of the subjects are printed, along with the years of their birth and death. (Printed names and dates of birth and death are more typical of Warning stamps feature.) Unlike the definitive stamps previously issued, the 1902-03 issue also has a frame of engraving frames of Beaux-Arts artwork on portraits, often including allegorical numbers of different figures, with several different print types used to denote the country, denomination and the names of the subjects. This stamp series is the first definitive issue to be fully designed and printed by Bureau of Engraving and Printing, and their Baroque revival style is very similar to the Pan-American memorial issued by the Bureau in 1901. There are fourteen denominations ranging from 1 cent to 5 dollars. George Washington's 2-cent stamp appears with two different designs (the original version is less acceptable) while each of the other values ​​has its own design. This is the first US definitive series to include the image of a woman: Martha Washington, who appears with an 8-cent stamp.
- Selected Issues
Warning issues, 1904-1907
In these years, the postal service continues to produce a set of caveats along with important national exposition. The purchase of Louisiana Exposition in St. Louis, Missouri in 1904 prompted a set of five stamps, while a trio of stamps commemorating the Jamestown Exposition, held in Norfolk, Virginia in 1907.
Washington-Franklin era
1908 saw the onset of the long-running Washington-Franklin series of stamps. Although there are only two central images, Washington and Franklin profiles, many subtle variants appear over the years; because the Post Office experimented with half a dozen different perforated sizes, two types of watermarking, three printing methods, and a large number of values, all adding several hundred different types identified by the collector. Some are quite rare, but many are very common; this is an era of postcard craze, and almost every antique store in the US will have some postcards with green stamps  ¢ or red 2  ¢ from this series. In 1910, the Post Office began to remove the double-layered watermark, replacing it with the same U S P S logo in smaller single-line letters. The water mark was suspended entirely in 1916.
Towards the beginning of the Washington-Franklin era, in 1909, the Post Office issued its first personalized stamp of warning - three 2 honor tones, respectively, Lincoln Centennial, Alaska-Yukon Exposition, and Hudson/Fulton centennial/centennial Celebration in New York. A four-stamp series commemorating the Panama-Pacific International Fair in San Francisco, California appeared in 1913, but no further warnings were issued until after World War I. The Lincoln Centennial portrait format distinguished it from all other warnings released between 1893 and 1926, which is produced exclusively in landscape format. (The subsequent U. S. Memorial in portrait orientation will be the issue of Vermont Sesquicentennial in 1927, and much has emerged since then.)
It was also in 1913, in January, that the Post Office introduced a domestic package postal service (a late development, given that the international package postal service between the United States and other countries began in 1887). A series of twelve Postage Stamps Packages devoted to this service were released in December 1912, ranging in denominations from 1 Â ¢ up to $ 1. All printed in red and designed in a vast Columbus format. The eight lowest values ​​illustrate the handling and delivery aspects of the letter, while the higher denominations describe industries such as Manufacturing, Producing Jobs and Growing Fruits. Five Postage Stamps Green Packages Because the stamps appear together. It soon became clear that none of these stamps were needed: the postage package could easily be paid for by a definitive or warning problem, and normal postage stamps sufficient postage for the package. When the original stock runs out, no reprints appear, nor is there a replacement for the group that has been contemplated. However, one denomination introduced in the Parcel Post - 20 Â ¢ series has proved useful, and the Post Office added this value to the Washington-Franklin problem in 1914, along with a 30 Â ¢ stamp.
On 3 November 1917, the regular mail rates were raised from 2 Â ¢ to 3 Â ¢ to support the war effort. The interest rate increase is reflected in the first postwar warning - a 3 Â ¢ "victory" stamp released on March 3, 1919 (not until July 1 will cost the post back to the peace level). Only once before (with the Lincoln Memorial edition of 1909), the Post Office issued a warning seal unrelated to an important national exposition; and the emergence of the Pilgrim Tercentenary series in 1920 confirmed that a new policy was being developed: the Post Office would no longer require the pretext of a significant patriotic trade show to issue a warning: they can now freely produce stamps commemorating the anniversaries of every famous historical figure. , organization or event.
The 1920s and 1930s
The 1920s stamps were dominated by the 1922 Series, the first new design of the definitive stamps appeared in a generation. The lower values ​​largely describe the various presidents, with 5c primarily intended as a warning from the newly deceased Theodore Roosevelt, while higher values ​​include "American Indians" (Bear Horn Bears), the Statue of Liberty, the Golden Gate (without bridges, not yet built), Niagara Falls, bison, Lincoln Memorial, and so on. Higher values ​​of the series (from 17 ¢ to $ 5) are distinguished from less expensive stamps designed in horizontal (landscape) rather than vertical form, an idea brought from the "big bens" of the Washington-Franklin series.
Printing a stamp is to switch from a flat plate press to a swivel press while this stamp is used, and most come in two perforations as a result; 11 for flat plate, and 11x10,5 for rotary. In 1929, theft problem in the Midwest caused Kansas-Nebraska overprints on regular stamps. (See also: Fourth Bureau Issues).
Since 1924, postage stamps appear every year. The 1920s saw a number of the 150th anniversaries associated with the American Revolutionary War, and a number of stamps were issued in connection with it. This includes the first US souvenir sheet, for the Battle of White Plains sesquicentennial, and the first blueprint, reading "MOLLY/PITCHER", Monmouth's Battle Hero.
Two Cent Red Sesquicentennial problems 1926-1932
During this period, the US Post Office published more than a dozen 'Two Cent Reds' to commemorate 150 years of Battle and Events that occurred during the American Revolution. The first of these was the Liberty Bell 150th Anniversary Issue of 1926, designed by Clair Aubrey Huston, and carved by J.Eissler & amp; E.M.Hall, two of America's most famous major engravers. The 'Two Cent Reds' was among the last stamps used to carry a letter for 2 cents, the rate changed to 3 cents on July 6, 1932. The rate remained the same for 26 years until it finally changed to 4 cents in 1958.
Graf Zeppelin postage
German Zeppelin was very interesting during this period, and in 1930 the Department issued a special stamp for use on Pan-American flights Graf Zeppelin .
Although the Zeppelin Graf stamp is now highly prized by collectors as a masterpiece of the art of engraving, in 1930, the recent fall of the stock market meant only a handful could afford this stamp ($ 4.55 for the set representing weekly food allowance for family of four). Less than 10 percent of the 1,000,000 denominations each sold were sold and the rest burned (stamps were only available for sale to the public from 19 April 1930, until 30 June 1930). It is estimated that less than 8 percent of the manufactured stamps survive today and they remain the smallest US edition of the 20th century (only 229,260 stamps ever purchased, and only 61,296 $ 2.60 stamps sold).
In 1932, a set of 12 stamps was issued to celebrate the 200th anniversary of George Washington, 1932 Washington Bicentennial. For a value of 2 Â ¢, which meets the normal letter level, the best known image of Gilbert Stuart Washington has been selected. After the post rate increased in July, 2 Â ¢ red Washington was redesigned as a 3 Â ¢ stamp and was published in violet color which is now becoming common among US warnings.
New Bidding Era
In 1933, Franklin D. Roosevelt became President. He is notorious not only as an avid collector on his own right (with an estimated collection of about 1 million stamps), but also to take an interest in the Department's stamp issue, in collaboration with Postmaster James Farley, former Democratic Party Chairman of the Committee. Many 1930s designs were inspired or changed according to Roosevelt's suggestion. In 2009-10, the National Postal Museum exhibited six Roosevelt sketches developed into a stamp issue: a 6 cent eagle airmail post and five other memorials, honoring the Antarctic Byrds Expedition, American Mothers, Susan B. Anthony, Virginia Dare and Northwest Territories' increased to the state. A steady stream of warnings emerged during these years, including the striking 1934 edition of the ten stamps featuring iconic views of ten National Parks - a set that remains widely loved. (In the unforgettable sequence of Philip Roth's novel The Plot Against America, the young protagonist dreams that his National Park, stamps, pride and excitement of his collection, have become flawed with swastika overprints.) Choosing an orange color for 2Ã, Â ¢ Grand Canyon tableau not a standard 2 Â ¢ red carmine, Post Office departs from UPU color coding for the first time.
With a philatelist at the White House, the Post Office served collectors as never before, issuing seven separate souvenirs between 1933 and 1937. In one case, a collector series had to be produced as a result of miscalculations. Around 1935, the Postmaster Farley moved the National Park sheets from stock before they were embedded or perforated, giving these and other unfinished examples of ten other issues to President Roosevelt and Home Minister Harold Ickes (also a philatelist) as curiosity for their collection. When the words of this gift come out, there is public condemnation. Some people accused Farley of being a corrupt scheme to enrich Roosevelt and Ickes by creating a rare rare for them at the cost of taxpayers. Stamp enthusiasts, in turn, demanded that this curiosity be sold to the public so that ordinary collectors could get it, and Farley duly issued it in large quantities. This particular series of prints soon became known as "Farley's Follies." As the decade progresses, the purples used for 3Ã,  ¢ problems, though still as if they match the traditional purple color, show a wider range of colors, and one 1940 edition, the  ¢ 3 mark commemorating the Pony Express, laid out in purple entirely, appearing in rust-brown earth color is more suitable for the image of horses and motorists who depart from the western rural post office.
1938 Presidential Edition
The famous Presidency problem, known as "Brief", appeared in 1938. The series featured all 29 US presidents through Calvin Coolidge, who each appeared in the profile as a small sculpture statue. 50  ¢ and lower color mono; on $ 1, $ 2, and $ 5 stamps the presidential image is printed black on white, surrounded by colored letters and ornaments. Up to 22 Cleveland marks, the denominations assigned to each president are in accordance with his position on the presidency list: so the first president, Washington, is at 1st, the seventeenth, Andrew Johnson, is at 17 ¢, etc. Additional stamps depict Franklin (½ Ã,  ¢), Martha Washington (1 Ã,½ Ã,  ¢), and the White House (4 ½ Ã,  ¢). Many of these values ​​are included only to place the president in the proper numerical order and do not always correspond to the postal level; and one (difficult) game for Prexie collectors is finding a cover with, for example, a 16  ¢ stamp that pays a combination of rates and fees valid for the period of use of Prexies. Many such covers are still found; some sellers on eBay have been surprised to find an ordinary looking closing offer of up to several hundred dollars because it is one of the solo uses sought. The issue of President has remained in distribution for many years. It was not until 1954 that the Post Office began replacing its values ​​with a stamp of a new definitive problem, the Liberty series.
The famous American series of 1940
In 1940, the US Post Office published a set of 35 stamps, published for about ten months, commemorating the famous American Writers, Poets, Educators, Scientists, Composers, Artists, and Inventors. Educators include Booker T. Washington, who is now the first African-American to be honored with a US seal. This Post edition series is printed by the Engraving and Printing Bureau. This stamp is larger than the normal definitive problem, with only 280 stamp images contained in the printing plates (400 images are standard for the Presidency series). Also important is the red-violet color chosen for the stamp of 3Ã, Â ¢, a brighter color than the traditional purple color.
Penulis: Washington Irving - James Fenimore Cooper - Ralph Waldo Emerson - Louisa May Alcott - Samuel Clemens
Penyair: Henry Wadsworth Longfellow - John Greenleaf Whittier - James Russell Lowell - Walt Whitman - James Whitcomb Riley
Pendidik: Horace Mann - Mark Hopkins - Charles W. Eliot - Frances E. Willard - Booker T. Washington
Ilmuwan: John James Audubon - Dr. Crawford W. Long - Luther Burbank - Dr. Walter Reed - Jane Addams
Penggubah: Stephen Collins Foster - John Philip Sousa - Victor Herbert - Edward A. MacDowell - Ethelbert Nevin
Artis: Gilbert Charles Stuart - James McNeil Whistler - Augustus Saint-Gaudens - Daniel Chester Prancis - Frederick Remington
Penemu: Eli Whitney - Samuel F. B. Morse - Cyrus Hall McCormick - Elias Howe - Alexander Graham Bell
Perang Dunia II
During World War II, the production of postage warning U. S. 3 new all but stopped. Among the three issues that emerged in 1942 were the famous Win the War stamp, which enjoyed widespread use, partly because of patriotism and partly because of the unavailability of relative alternatives. It presents an art deco eagle displayed in the form of "V" for a victory surrounded by 13 stars. The eagle is a holding arrow, but does not have an olive branch. A famous set of warnings did, indeed, appear in 1943-44, but the stamps, all worth 5 cents, did not compete with the Win the War issue. This is the Overrun Countries series (known to collectors as the Flag set ), produced as a tribute to thirteen countries that have been occupied by Axis Powers.
Thirteen stamps present colorful pictures full of national flags of Poland, Czechoslovakia, Norway, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Belgium, France, Greece, Yugoslavia, Albania, Austria, Denmark, and Korea, with the names of countries written underneath. To the left of each flag appears a picture of the phoenix, which symbolizes the renewal of life, and on the right looks the figure of a woman kneeling with her arms raised, breaking the bondage of bondage.
Stamps with the flags of European countries were released at intervals from June to December 1943, while the Korean flag cap was released in November 1944. The stamp was priced at 5 cents, although the standard cost for the first grade stamp was 3 cents. These stamps are intended for use in V-mail, a means by which letters designated for military personnel abroad are delivered with certainty.
Overseas service people use the same method of writing home letters, and the same process is used to reconstruct their letters, except that their postage is free.
A two-cent surcharge on V-mail letters helps pay for the additional costs of this shipping method.
Due to the complicated processes required for colorful printing, the Engraving and Printing Bureau is contracted with a private company, Bank of America Record Company, to produce the first US stamps to be printed by private companies since 1893. Uniquely, among US issues, sheets lack the number plate that is usually printed on the woven edges around the stamps. In places where numbers usually appear on every sheet, the name of the state is replaced, engraved with a capital letter.
Post World War II
The post-WWII postmark program follows a consistent pattern over the years: a continuous stream of warning issues sold as single stamps at first-rate letter rates. While the majority of these are designed in a double width format, a substantial amount is issued in honor of people adapting to the format, size, general design style and red-violet colors used in the 1940 Famous Americans series.
The Postal Service has become increasingly inattentive using the purple color for the  ¢ 3 stamp, and after the war, the departure of that color in double warning actually becomes a rule rather than an exception (though UPU and purple colors for 3Ã,  ¢ stamps will continue continues). used in definitive issues in the next decade). Beginning in 1948, the Congress of Representatives and Senators began pushing the Post Office for stamps proposed by constituents, leading to relative stamp floods honoring unclear people and organizations. The stamp issue was no longer properly regulated until the establishment of the Cap Citizens Advisory Committee (CSAC) in 1957.
The Liberty problem of 1954, deep in the Cold War, took on more political slope than previous issues. The common first-class stamps are 3Ã, Â ¢ The Statue of Liberty in purple, and includes the inscription "In God We Trust", the first explicit religious reference to the US seal (ten days prior to the publication of Liberty 3Ã, stamp, the words "under God "has been incorporated into the Pledge of Loyalty.The Statue of Liberty appears at two higher supplemental values, 8 Â ¢ and 11 Â ¢, both printed in two colors.Other stamps in this series include statesmen and landmarks relating to freedom, such as Patrick Henry and Bunker Hill, though other subjects, (Benjamin Harrison, for example) do not seem to be related to the basic theme.
In 1957, the Flag of America was displayed on the US seal for the first time. The Post Office has long avoided this image, fearing allegations that, in issuing stamps where they would litter the flag with a cancellation sign, they would be harassing. However, the protests against the issue of this initial flag were silenced, and the flag remains the subject of the ever-popular U. S. cap ever since.
Level 3Ã,® for first class unchanged since 1932, but in 1958 there was no longer an increase in efficiency to keep the price fixed, and the tariff reached 4Ã, ¢, initiating a series of steady tariff hikes that reached 49à ¢ â,¬Â as 26 January 2014.
The Leading American Series replaced "Freedom" in the 1960s and proved the last definitive problem to conform to the Universal Postal Union color code. In the 1970s, they were replaced by the Americana series, where the colors became purely a matter of designer preference.
In 1971, the Post Office was reorganized in accordance with the Postal Reorganization Act of 1970, becoming the United States Postal Service (USPS). However, it is still highly regulated, with, for example, CSAC continuing to decide on a warning stamp to be published.
In January 1973, the USPS began issuing the "Love" stamp for use on Valentine's Day and other special occasions such as weddings, birthdays, anniversaries, and letters to loved ones. The first problem is an 8 cent cap that the Postal Service originally titled " Custom Cap for Special Person ". The stamp is based on a pop art picture designed by Robert Indiana during the 1960s (see the "Love" statue). The 1973 issue has a printing production of 320 million stamps.
Air Mail
The airmail at the United States Post Office appears in three phases beginning with a 'pioneer period' where there are many unofficial flights carrying mail before 1918, the year the US Post Office assumes all Air Mail is shipped. The US Post Office began contracting to the private sector to carry a letter (Letter of Air Contracts, CAM) on February 15, 1926. In 1934, all US Air Letters were brought by the US Army for six months, after which the contract system resumed.
Abraham Lincoln postage problem
In 1866, about a year after the assassination of Abraham Lincoln, the US Post Office issued its first stamp to honor the fallen President. The Post Office stated that the release took place on 17 June. But some sources believe that the stamp was introduced on April 14, the one-year anniversary of Lincoln's death, and a leading expert made the (unverifiable) claim that the stamp was first used on April 15. In some cases, it is considered by some to be the first commemorative stamp in America. Since then, Lincoln's portrait has appeared in various US stamps and there are currently more than a dozen problems. Lincoln was also honored on the commemorative stamps issued by Costa Rica and Nicaragua. With the exception of George Washington and Benjamin Franklin, Lincoln appears in the US Postage more than any other famous American.
- Lincoln Problem
The modern US postage
The first self-adhesive seal was a 10-cent stamp of the Christmas edition of 1974. It was not considered a success, and living stamps, though not infrequently, all gradually became discolored due to the adhesive used. Self-adhesive was not released until 1989, gradually becoming so popular that in 2004, only a handful of species were offered with traditional candy (now called "manual stamps" by postal employees).
The frequency of postal rate increases increased from the 1970s, and the need for waiting was approved by Congress, making it problematic for the Postal Service to provide suitable stamps with timely increases in fees. Let us know, for example, whether the new first class rate will be 16c or, instead, 15c, no stamps are printed. The Postal Service found a way to get past this problem in 1978. Preparations for that year's improvement, an orange-colored stamp with a simple eagle design emerged with an "A" denomination instead of a number; and the public is informed that this stamp will meet the new first class rate, no matter what happens. The next level increments produce B, C and D stamps, which have the same eagle design but are printed, respectively, in purple, brown-buffalo and blue-green. When it came time to stamp E in 1987, the Postal Service assigned a more complicated design: a world-colored image seen from space (E for Earth). Rising to have asked for F for Flower, G for Old Glory, and H for Hat stamps, all illustrated exactly. The F stamp in 1991 was accompanied by a "make-up" stamp without a pictorial design outside the frame, which included the words "This US stamp, along with an additional 25c US stamp, is equivalent to the 'F' cap level."
Great Americans series and Transport rolls began appearing in 1980 and 1981, respectively. The transport coils were used steadily for about 20 years, while Great Americans were replaced by the Distinguished Americans series, which began in 2000.
The increasing use of email and other technologies during the 1990s led to a decrease in the number of first-class letters, while mass mailings increased. Various kinds of warning stamps continue to appear, but more of them only go to collectors, while stamps from the average daily mail are non-denominational types issued exclusively for business.
The first US stamp to incorporate microprinting as a security feature was the American Wildflower Series introduced by The United States Postal Service in 1992. It is also the first cautionary cap that is fully manufactured by offset lithography. The USPS has issued other stamps with more complicated micro prints combined with dates, words and abbreviations such as USPS and even all stamp designs consisting of micro letters.
In 2005, after 111 years of producing American stamps, the Engraving and Printing Bureau ended its involvement with the postal service.
On April 12, 2007, the Forever stamp went on sale for 41 cents, and it's good to send one-ounce First-Class letters anytime in the future - regardless of price changes. In 2011, the Post Office began issuing all new stamps for First Class stamps - both definitive and warning - as stamps Forever: denominations are no longer included with them.
On February 25, 2010, the US Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit ruled 2-1 that Frank Gaylord, the sculptor part of the Korean War Veterans Monument, was entitled to compensation when a drawing of the statue was used on 37 cent stamps because he did not sign his intellectual property to the statue when it was founded. The appeals court rejected the argument that the photo was transformative. In 2006 sculptor Frank Gaylord enrolled Fish & amp; Richardson made a pro bono claim that the Postal Service violated his intellectual property rights to the statue and thus should be compensated. The Postal Service argues that Gaylord is not the only sculptor (saying that he has received advice from a federal source - who recommends that the uniforms appear more in the wind) and also that the statue is actually architecture. Gaylord won all his arguments in the lower court except one: pen
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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