The 1996 Summer Olympics , officially known as the XXVI Olympic Games and unofficially referred to as One Hundred Olympic Games , is a celebrated sporting event of July 19 to August 4, 1996, in Atlanta, Georgia, United States. A record 197 countries, all of the IOC member states currently, take part in the Olympics, with a total of 10,318 athletes. The International Olympic Committee (IOC) voted in 1986 to separate the Summer and Winter Olympics (which had been held in the same year, every four years since 1924) and placed them in even-numbered years, beginning with Winter Olympics in 1994. So, the 1996 Summer Olympics was the first to be staged in a different year from the Winter Olympics. Atlanta became the fifth American city to host the Olympics and the third to host the Summer Olympics. It is also the fourth time that the Summer Olympics have been held in the United States.
Video 1996 Summer Olympics
Organization
Bid
Atlanta was elected on September 18, 1990, in Tokyo, Japan, above Athens, Belgrade, Manchester, Melbourne, and Toronto at the 96th IOC Session. The Atlanta bid to host the Summer Games that began in 1987 is considered a long-shot, since the US hosted the Summer Olympics 12 years earlier in Los Angeles. Atlanta's main contender is Toronto, whose front bid that began in 1986 seems almost certain to succeed after Canada successfully hosted the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary, and Melbourne, Australia, which hosted the 1956 Summer Olympics and after Brisbane, Australia's failed bid to the 1992 match (given to Barcelona) and prior to Sydney, the successful 2000 Australian Olympic Games bid, they felt the Olympics would return to Australia. If Melbourne were awarded a game, 1996 would mark the 40th anniversary of the 1956 Summer Olympics, held in the same city. It will be Toronto's fourth failed attempt since 1960 (tried in 1960, 1964, and 1976, but was defeated by Rome, Tokyo and Montreal). Athena's offer is based on the fact that 1996 marked 100 years since the first Summer Olympics in Greece in 1896, although Athens would eventually host the 2004 Summer Olympics. The initial impulse for 1996 coming to Atlanta came from Billy Payne and then the mayor Atlanta Andrew Young; their primary impetus for the Olympics to come to Atlanta was the motivation to showcase a reversed and resurgent South America that overcame the racial tensions of the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s and featured a strong and growing South economy to help offset the international stereotype that the region is still poverty stricken.
Cost
The Oxford Olympics Study 2016 estimates the cost of recording the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta 1996 for USD 4.1 billion in 2015-dollars and overtaken costs at 151% in real terms. This includes sports-related costs only, that is, (i) operational costs incurred by the organizing committee for the purpose of performing the Olympics, for example, expenditures on technology, transportation, labor, administration, security, catering, ceremonies, and (ii) the direct capital costs incurred by host cities and countries or private investors to build, for example, competition venues, Olympic villages, international broadcast centers, and media and press centers, which is necessary to hold the Olympics. Indirect costs of capital are excluded, such as for road, rail, or airport infrastructure, or for upgrading hotels or other business investments incurred in preparation for the Olympics but not directly related to the Olympic staging. Costs for Atlanta 1996 compared to costs of USD 4.6 billion for Rio 2016, USD 40-44 billion for Beijing 2008 and USD 51 billion for Sochi 2014, the most expensive Olympic Games in history. The average cost for Summer Games since 1960 is USD 5.2 billion, the average overrun cost is 176%.
The 1996 Olympics is based on a financial model established by the 1984 Olympics in Los Angeles. The cost to deploy the Olympics is US $ 1.8 billion. US Government Funds are used for security, and about $ 500 million taxpayer money is spent on physical infrastructure including roads, road improvements, Centennial Olympic Park, airport expansion, public transport improvements, and redevelopment of public housing projects but not paid for actual matches or the new Venue itself. To pay for the game, Atlanta relies on commercial sponsorship and ticket sales, generating profits of $ 19 million.
Venues
The 1996 Olympic events were held in various fields. A number are held in the Olympic Ring, a 3 mi (4.8 km) circle from downtown Atlanta. Others are held at Stone Mountain, about 20 miles (32 km) outside the city. To expand ticket sales, other events, such as the Football Association (football), are staged in various cities in the Southeast.
- Alexander Memorial Coliseum - Boxing
- Atlanta-Fulton County Stadium - Baseball
- Centennial Olympic Stadium - Opening/Closure Ceremony, Athletics
- Clayton County International Park (Jonesboro, Georgia) - Beach Volleyball
- Forbes Arena - Basketball
- Georgia Dome - Basketball (end), Gymnastics (Artistic), Handball (end man)
- Georgia International Horse Park (Conyers, Georgia) - Cycling (mountain), Equestrian, modern Pentathlon (horse riding, running)
- Georgia State University Sports Arena - Badminton
- Georgia Tech Aquatic Center - Diving, Modern Pentathlon (swimming), Pool, Synchronized Pool, Water Polo
- Georgia World Congress Center - Fencing, Handball, Judo, Modern Pentathlon (fencing, shooting), Table Tennis, Weightlifting, Wrestling
- Golden Park (Columbus, Georgia) - Softball
- Herndon Stadium - Field Hockey (end)
- Lake Lanier (Gainesville, Georgia) - Canoeing (ran), Rowing
- Field Legion (Birmingham, Alabama) - Soccer
- Miami Orange Bowl (Miami, Florida) - Soccer
- Omni Coliseum - Volleyball (indoor)
- Ocoee Whitewater Center (Polk County, Tennessee) - Canoeing (slalom)
- Panther Stadium - Field Hockey
- RFK Stadium (Washington, D.C.) - Soccer
- Stone Mountain Tennis Center (Stone Mountain, Georgia) - Tennis
- Stone Mountain Distillery Center (Stone Mountain, Georgia) - Archery
- Stone Mountain Park Velodrome (Stone Mountain, Georgia) - Cycling (track)
- Sanford Stadium (Athens, Georgia) at Georgia University - Football (final)
- Stegeman Coliseum (Athens, Georgia) at the University of Georgia - Gymnastics (rhythmic), Volleyball (indoor)
- Wassaw Sound (Savannah, Georgia) - Sailing
- Shooting Complex Wolf Creek - Shooting
Marketing
The official theme of the Olympiad, "Summon the Heroes", written by John Williams, made it the third Olympics at the time he had composed (official composer 1984 covering NBC 1988 coverage). The opening ceremony featuring CÃÆ'Â © line Dion sang "The Power of the Dream", the official theme song of the 1996 Olympics. The mascot for Olympiad is an abstract animated character named Izzy. Unlike the tradition of a mascot that stands at the national or regional level in the city that hosts the Olympics, Izzy is an amorphous fantasy figure. The 1996 Olympics was the first to have two separate ceremonial opening ceremonies. Savannah, due to its geographic separation from Atlanta, had its own opening ceremony on July 18, 1996. The show features "Worldwide Connections", a song made by native Savannah, Jeffrey Reed, and a concert by Trisha Yearwood, a native of Georgia.
The Atlanta Olympic slogan "Come Celebrate Our Dream" was written by Jack Arogeti, Managing Director at McCann-Erickson in Atlanta at the time. The slogan is selected from over 5,000 submitted by the public to the Atlanta Convention and Visitors Bureau. Billy Payne notes that Jack "captures our true spirit and motivation for the Olympic Games."
Maps 1996 Summer Olympics
Calendar
- All time in Eastern Summer Time (UTC-4); others, Birmingham, Alabama use Central Daylight Time (UTC-5)
Games
Opening ceremony
The ceremony began with a flashback of the 1992 Summer Olympics closing ceremony in Barcelona in August 1992 which showed then International Olympic Committee president Juan Antonio Samaranch called on athletes to compete in Atlanta in 1996. Later, spirits rose in the northwest corner Stadium. , each representing one of the colors in the Olympic ring. They call the world tribes that after mixing the mixture form the Olympic rings while the Atlanta youth make up the number 100. The famous film composer John Williams composed official performances for the 1996 Olympics, Summon the Heroes, the second game for the Olympic Games (the first is Fanfare and the Olympic Themes written for the 1984 Summer Olympics). The song "The Power of the Dream", composed by David Foster, was performed by CÃÆ' Â © line Dion accompanied by Foster on piano, Atlanta Symphony Orchestra and Centennial Choir (Morehouse College Glee Club, Spelman College Glee Club and Atlanta Chorus Symphony Orchestra). Gladys Knight sang "Georgia on My Mind", the official Georgian song. There is also a display called "Welcome To The World", featuring cheerleaders, Chevrolet pickup trucks, marching bands, and steppers, featuring American youth and college football Saturday in the South, including the usual waves seen in sporting events world. A work entitled "Summertime" focuses on Atlanta and the Old South with placement in beauty, passion, music, history, culture, and rebirth after the American Civil War. Muhammad Ali lit an Olympic torch and subsequently received a substitute gold medal for his boxing victory at the 1960 Summer Olympics. For the torch ceremony, more than 10,000 Olympic torches were produced by the American Meter Company and adapted by the Erie Plating Company. Each torch weighs about 3.5 pounds (1.6 kg) and is made mainly of aluminum, with a wooden pecan wooden handle and gold ornaments. Note: In 1996, Poledouris compiled "The Tradition of the Games" for the opening ceremony of the Atlanta Olympics accompanying an unforgettable dance award to athletes and goddesses of ancient Greek Olympic triumph using silhouette shadows.
Closing ceremony
Sports
The 1996 Summer Olympics program featured 271 events in 26 sports. Softball, beach volleyball and mountain biking made its debut in the Olympic program, along with women's football and lightweight paddles.
In female gymnastics, Lilia Podkopayeva became an all-around Olympic champion. Podkopayeva also won a second gold medal in the final floor and silver exercises on the beam - being the only female gymnast since Nadia Com? Neci to win the individual gold event after winning the all-round title at the same Olympics. Kerri Strug from a United States women's gymnastics team was legged with an injured ankle and landed on one leg. US women's gymnastics team won the first gold medal. Shannon Miller of the United States won a gold medal in the balance beam event, the first time an American gymnast has won an individual gold medal in a non-boycotted Olympic game. The Spanish team won the first gold medal in a new rhythmic female group competition. The team was formed by Estela GimÃÆ'Â © nez, Marta BaldÃÆ'³, Nuria Cabanillas, Lorena GurÃÆ' Â © ndez, EstÃÆ'baliz MartÃÆ'nez and Tania Lamarca.
Amy Van Dyken won four gold medals at an Olympic swimming pool, the first American woman to win four titles in a single Olympics. Penny Heyns, a swimmer from South Africa, won a gold medal in a 100-meter event and a 200-meter breaststroke. Michelle Smith of Ireland won three gold and bronze medals in a swim. He remains the most decorated Olympian in the country. However, his victory was overshadowed by doping allegations even though he had not tested positive in 1996. He received a four-year suspension in 1998 for damaging urine samples, even though his medals and records were allowed to stand.
On the track and on the pitch, Donovan Bailey of Canada won the men's 100 m, setting a new world record of 9.84 seconds at the time. He also docked his team's gold in the 4 ÃÆ'â € "100m relay. Michael Johnson won gold in both 200m and 400m, setting a new world record of 19.32 seconds at 200m. Johnson then began disputing Bailey's unofficial title as "the world's fastest man", which then culminated in a 150-meter race between the two to solve the problem. Marie-JosÃÆ' Â © PÃÆ' Â © rec matches Johnson's performance, albeit without a world record, by winning a rare 200 m/400 m double. Carl Lewis won the 4th long jump gold medal at the age of 35.
In tennis, Andre Agassi won the gold medal, which would eventually make him the first player and overall second player overall (after his eventual wife Steffi Graf) to win a Golden Slam career, which consists of an Olympic gold medal and a victory in a single tournament. held in professional tennis' four major events (Australian Open, French Open, Wimbledon, and US Open).
There is a series of first national experiences that were realized during the Olympics. Deon Hemmings became the first woman to win an Olympic gold medal for an English-speaking Jamaican and West Indies. Lee Lai Shan won a gold medal in sail, the only Olympic medal ever won by Hong Kong as a British colony (1842-1997). This meant that for the one and only time, the Hong Kong colonial flag was raised with the accompaniment of the British national anthem "God Save the Queen", as Hong Kong's sovereignty was later transferred to China in 1997. The US women's soccer team won a gold medal in a women's soccer event the first time. For the first time, the Olympic medal was won by athletes from Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Burundi, Ecuador, Georgia, Hong Kong, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Mozambique, Slovakia, Tonga, Ukraine and Uzbekistan. The other first in Atlanta is that this is the first Olympics that none of the country swept all three medals in one event.
Recordings
Medal Count
These are the top ten countries that won medals at the 1996 Olympics.
Following the National Olympic Committee
A total of 197 countries were represented at the 1996 Olympics, and the combined total of athletes was about 10,318. Twenty-four countries made their Olympic debut this year, including eleven former Soviet states that competed as part of the Integrated Team in 1992. Russia competed independently for the first time since 1912, when it was the Russian Empire. The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia competed as Yugoslavia.
The 14 countries making their Olympic debut are: Azerbaijan, Burundi, Cape Verde, Comoros, Dominica, Guinea-Bissau, Macedonia, Nauru, Palestinian Authority, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, SÃÆ' £ o Tomà ©  © and PrÃÆ'ncipe , Tajikistan and Turkmenistan. The ten countries that made their Summer Olympic debut (after competing in the 1994 Winter Olympics in Lillehammer) are: Armenia, Belarus, Czech Republic, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Slovakia, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan. The Czech Republic and Slovakia attended the game as an independent state for the first time since the outbreak of Czechoslovakia, while other countries making their previous Summer Olympic debut were part of the Soviet Union.
Appraisal
Atlanta's heavy reliance on corporate sponsors led European Olympic officials to consider the Olympics too commercialized. Coca-Cola, whose company headquarters are in Atlanta, receives criticism for being the exclusive provider of soft drinks in Olympic venues. In addition, the city of Atlanta was found to have competed with the IOC for advertising and dollar sponsorship. Licensed street vendors sell certain products on top of others, and therefore provide a presence for companies that are not the official sponsor of the Olympics.
A report prepared by European Olympic officials after the Olympics is crucial to Atlanta's performance on a number of key issues, including the Olympic Village crowd level, the quality of the food available, the accessibility and convenience of transportation, and the general atmosphere of the Olympic commercialism. At the closing ceremony, IOC President Juan Antonio Samaranch said in his closing speech, "Well done, Atlanta" and simply called the "most extraordinary Olympics." This is a precedent for Samaranch, who traditionally labeled every "Best Olympic Games" ever at every closing ceremony, an exercise he continued at the next Olympics in Sydney in 2000.
Centennial Olympic Park bombing
The 1996 Olympics were damaged by the Centennial Olympic Park bombing on 27 July. Security guard Richard Jewell invented a pipe bomb and immediately notified law enforcement and helped evacuate as many people as possible from the area before exploding. Although Jewell's quick action was credited for saving many lives, the bombing killed Alice Hawthorne's audience, injured 111 others, and caused the death of Melih Uzunyol from a heart attack. Jewell was later considered a suspect in the bombing but was never charged, and he was released in October 1996. In 2003, Eric Robert Rudolph was indicted and admitted to the bombing and the bombing of two abortion clinics and a gay bar. He declared "the purpose of the attack on July 27 was to disrupt, upset and embarrass Washington's government in the eyes of the world because of abortion sanctions on its request." He was sentenced to life in Florence's ADX prison in Florence, Colorado.
Legacy
The preparation for the Olympics lasts more than six years and has an economic impact of at least $ 5.14 billion. More than two million visitors come to Atlanta, and about 3.5 billion people around the world watch at least part of the game on television. Despite being damaged by the tragedy of the Centennial Olympic Park bombing, they were financially successful, partly because of TV copyright contracts and sponsorship at record levels. William Porter Payne and Steve Spinner lead the US marketing program that is becoming a model for the upcoming Olympics.
Beyond international recognition, the Olympics resulted in many improvements to modern infrastructure. The mid-rise dorm built for the Olympic Village, which became the first housing estate for Georgia State University (Georgia State Village), is now used by the Georgia Institute of Technology (North Avenue Apartments). As designed, the Centennial Olympic Stadium was turned into Turner Field, home to the Atlanta Braves baseball team from 1997 to 2016. The former Braves house, Atlanta-Fulton County Stadium, was demolished in 1997 and the site became a parking lot for Turner Field; The Omni Coliseum was destroyed in the same year to make way for Philips Arena. The city's permanent memorial to the 1996 Olympics is the Centennial Olympic Park, built as a focal point for the Olympics. The park started revitalizing the surrounding area, and now serves as a center for Atlanta's tourism district.
After the departure of Braves from Turner Field, Georgia State University acquired the former Olympic Stadium and the surrounding parking lot and rearranged the stadium for the second time to Georgia State Stadium for his college football team.
The 1996 Olympics is the most recent edition of the Summer Games to be held in the United States. Los Angeles will host the 2028 Summer Olympics, 32 years after the match in Atlanta.
Broadcast rights
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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