Billboard Hot 100 is the industry standard music charts chart in the United States for singletons, published weekly by Billboard's magazine. Rank listings are based on sales (physical and digital), radio playback, and online streaming.
The initial weekly sales period is Monday to Sunday, when Nielsen started tracking sales in 1991, but was changed to Friday through Thursday in July 2015. Radio games, which, unlike sales figures and streaming data, are available in real-time, and tracked in cycles Monday through Sunday (previous Wednesday to Tuesday). The new chart is compiled and officially released publicly by Billboard on Tuesday.
The number one song from Hot 100 was "Poor Little Fool" by Ricky Nelson, on August 4, 1958. On the issue for the week ending June 2, 2018, Hot 100 had 1,073 different hit numbers. The number one song currently is "Nice for What" by Drake.
Video Billboard Hot 100
History
Prior to 1955, Billboards had no integrated and comprehensive chart of popularity, rather than measuring songs based on individual metrics. At the beginning of the rock era in 1955, three such charts exist:
- The Best Seller in the Store was the first Billboard graph, established in 1936. This chart ranked the single largest selling single in a retail store, as reported by the merchant who surveyed across the country (20 to 50 positions).
- Most Played by Jockeys is the original game's billboard game chart. This ranks the most played songs on US radio stations, as reported by disc jockeys and radio stations (20 to 25 positions).
- Most Played in Jukeboxes rated the most played songs in jukeboxes across the United States (20 positions). This is one of the main channels to measure the popularity of songs with the younger generation of music listeners, as many radio stations refuse to add rock and roll music to their playlists for years.
Although officially all three charts have the same weight in terms of importance, Billboard Magazine considers the Best Sellers at Stores chart when referencing the performance of a song before making Hot 100. At the end of the week of 12 November 1955, Billboard publish Top 100 for the first time. Top 100 combines all aspects of a single performance (sales, broadcast and jukebox activity), based on point systems that usually give sales (purchases) heavier than radio broadcasts. The Best Seller on the Store , Most Played by Jockey and Most Played on Jukebox charts continue to publish along with the new Top 100 chart.
On June 17, 1957, Billboard dropped the Most Played in Jukeboxes chart, as the popularity of the jukeboxes waned and radio stations incorporated more rock-oriented music into their playlists. The week ending July 28, 1958 is the last publication of the Most Played By Jockeys and Top 100 charts, both of which have an instrumental version of Perez Prado from "Patricia" rising up.
On August 4, 1958, Billboard aired a single main chart of all genres: Hot 100 . Hot 100 quickly became the industry standard and Billboard stopped the Best Seller Store on October 13, 1958.
The Billboard Hot 100 is still the standard by which song popularity is measured in the United States. Hot 100 is enhanced by radio impressions of radio impressions measured by Nielsen BDS, sales data collected by Nielsen Soundscan (both retail and digital) and streaming activity provided by an online music source.
There are several component charts that contribute to the overall calculation of Hot 100. The most significant are:
- Hot 100 Airplay : (per Billboard) about 1,000 stations, "consisting of contemporary adult, R & B, hip hop, country, rock , gospel, Latin and Christian formats, digitally monitored twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week.The charts are sorted by the number of gross audience views, calculated by cross-referencing radio broadcast time with Arbitron listener data. "
- Hot Singles Sales : (per Billboard) "the best-selling singles collected from national samples from retail stores, bulk merchants and internet sales reports collected, compiled and provided by Nielsen SoundScan. "Graphs are released weekly and measure the sale of commercial physical singles. With the decline in sales of physical singles in the US, many of the songs that are number one on this chart often do not even map on Hot 100.
- Hot Digital Songs : Digital sales are tracked by Nielsen SoundScan and included as part of title sales points.
- Streaming Songs : a collaboration between Billboard , Nielsen SoundScan and the National Association of Recording Merchandisers that measure the most-streamed radio songs, songs and videos on- demand in the leading online music services.
Maps Billboard Hot 100
Compilation
Week tracking for sales and stream starts on Friday and ends on Thursday, while week-tracking radio tracking runs from Monday to Sunday. The new chart is compiled and officially released publicly by Billboard on Tuesday. Each graph is post-date with the "week-end" issuance date four days after the graph is refreshed online (ie, next Saturday). As an example:
- Friday, January 1 - week of sales tracking begins, streaming tracking-weeks starts
- Monday, January 4th - weeks of week-play begins
- Thursday, January 7 - weekend sales tracking, streaming tracking-week ends
- Sunday, January 10 - weekly ending playback
- Tuesday, January 12 - new chart released, with post-dated issue Saturday, January 16
Hot 100 policy changes
The methods and policies by which this data is obtained and compiled have changed many times throughout the history of the graph.
Although the emergence of a single music chart spawned historians and charters and greatly influenced pop culture and produced many trivial things, the main purpose of Hot 100 was to help them in the music industry: to reflect the popularity of "products" (singles, albums, etc.) and to track the trends of the buyer community. Billboard has (many times) changed its methodology and its policies to provide the most precise and accurate reflection of what's popular. A very basic example of this is the ratio given for sales and playback. During the early history of Hot 100, singles were the main way people used to buy music. Sometimes, when single sales become strong, more weight is given to the retail points of the song than the radio broadcast.
As the decade progressed, the recording industry concentrated more on album sales than single sales. Musicians ended up expressing their creative output in the form of a full-length album rather than a single, and in the 1990s many record companies stopped releasing singles altogether (see Album Cuts , below). Finally, a point played that song was weighted more than its sales. Billboard has adjusted the sales/play ratio many times to more accurately reflect the actual song's popularity.
Single double-sided
Billboard has also changed the Hot 100 policy of "double-sided singles" multiple times. The Pre-Hot 100 "Best Seller in Store" graphic lists the popular A-and-B sides together, with the most frequently played side (based on other charts) listed first. One of the most important of these, but far from the only one, is Elvis Presley "Do not Be Cruel"/"Hound Dog". As long as Presley's chart chart runs, top billing is diverted back and forth between the two sides multiple times. But on "Most Recurring Box on Juke", "Most Played by Jockey" and "Top 100", both songs are listed separately, as do all songs. With the initiation of Hot 100 in 1958, sides A and B were mapped separately, as in the previous Top 100.
Starting with the Hot 100 chart for the week ending November 29, 1969, this rule was changed; if both parties receive a significant broadcast, they are listed together. This began to be a moot point in 1972, as most major record labels solidified the trends they started in the 1960s by placing the same songs on both sides of the singles they were serviced on the radio.
More complex problems began to emerge as the single A-and-B-side format gave way to 12-inch and maxi-single singles, many containing more than one B-side. Further problems arise when, in some cases, the B-side will eventually take over the A-side in popularity, thus pushing the record label to release a new single, featuring the former B-side as the A-side, along with the "new" B-side.
The inclusion of album cuts on Hot 100 puts a two-sided collision problem to permanently rest.
Cut albums
Since many of the Hot 100 chart policies have been modified over the years, one rule always remains constant: songs are not eligible to include Hot 100 unless they are available for purchase as singles. However, on December 5, 1998, Hot 100 changed from "single" chart to "song" chart. During the 1990s, the growing trend in the music industry was to promote the song to radio without ever releasing it as a single. It was claimed by a major record label that singles were selling cannibal albums, so they were slowly removed. During this period, the allegations began to fly chart manipulation as the label would delay releasing one until it was played at the absolute apex, thus pushing the top ten or, in some cases, debut number one. In many cases, the label will remove one from its catalog only after one week, allowing the song to enter into Hot 100, make a high debut and then slowly decline in position as a one-time production from retail-sold out..
It was during this period that some popular mainstream hits never charted on Hot 100, or charted well after their reruns had declined. During that period they were not released as singles, the songs did not qualify for the charts. Many of these songs dominated the Hot Air Airplay chart for a long time:
- 1995 The Rembrandts: "I'll Be There for You" (number one for eight weeks)
- 1996 No Doubt: "Do not Speak" (number one for 16 weeks)
- 1997 Sugar Ray features Super Cats: "Fly" (number one for six weeks)
- 1997 Will Smith: "Men in Black" (number one for four weeks)
- 1997 The Cardigans: "Lovefool" (number two for eight weeks)
- 1998 Natalie Imbruglia: "Torn" (number one for 11 weeks)
- 1998 Goo Goo Dolls: "Iris" (number one for 18 weeks)
As debates and conflicts become more frequent, Billboard ultimately answers the music industry and insiders 'musicians' requests by including singles that only play (or "cutting albums") on Hot 100.
Digital downloads and online streaming
Since February 12, 2005, Billboard Hot 100 songs pay digital downloads from internet services like iTunes, Musicmatch, and Rhapsody. Billboard originally began tracking downloads in 2003 with Hot Digital Tracks charts. However, this download is not included in Hot 100 and the chart (in contrast to Hot Digital Songs) counts each version of the song separately (the chart still exists today along with Hot Digital Songs). This is the first major overhaul of the Hot 100 chart formula since December 1998.
Changes in the methodology have rocked the graph significantly, with some songs debuting on the charts strictly with strong online sales and others making drastic leaps. In recent years, some songs have been able to achieve 80 to 90 jump positions in a week because their digital components are available at online music stores. Since 2006, the all-time record for the biggest 1-week rally was broken nine times.
In the August 11, 2007 edition, Billboard began entering weekly data from streaming media and on-demand services to Hot 100. The first two big companies that provide their statistics to Nielsen BDS every week are AOL Music and Yahoo! Music. On March 24, 2012, Billboard aired the On-Demand Songs charts, and the data included in the compilation that compiles the Hot 100. This was extended to the broader Tracking Songs chart in January 2013, which ranks the web radio stream from services such as Spotify, as well audio title on demand. In February 2013, the US view for a song on YouTube was added to the Hot 100 formula. "Harlem Shake" was the first song to reach number one after the changes were made. The Hot 100 formula from 2013 generally includes sales (35-45%), playable (30-40%) and streaming (20-30%), and the exact percentage may change from week to week.
Remixes
Billboard has also answered the calls of people in the music industry who raise issues about remixes of songs. The growing trend in the early first decades of the 21st century is to drum out a song as "remix" so radically different in the structure and lyrical content of the original version that is essentially a new song. Under normal circumstances, the points played from the album version of the song, the mix of "radio" and/or dance music remix, etc. Everything is combined and reckoned in the performance of the song on Hot 100, because the structure, lyrics, and melodies remain intact. Criticism begins when the songs are completely re-documented until they no longer resemble the original recordings. The first example of this scenario is Jennifer Lopez '"I'm Real". Originally entering Hot 100 in the album version, a "remix" was released in the middle of the graph featuring Ja Rule's rapper. This new version proved to be much more popular than the album version and the track was pushed to number one.
To solve this problem, Billboard now separates the airplay points from the original version of a song and remix, if the remix is ​​determined as "new song". Since managing this new chart rule, some songs have been mapped twice, usually credited as "Part 1" and "Part 2". Remix rules still exist.
Recurrents
Week adjustment tracking
Billboard changed its tracking week for sales, streaming, and radio broadcasts to adjust to the new Global Release Date, which now falls on Friday in all major market areas (US products were previously released on Tuesday before June 2015). This modified tracking schedule applies to issues dated July 25, 2015.
Year-end graph
Billboard ' s "year graph" runs from the first week of December to the last week of November. This modified calendar allows Billboard to calculate year-end graphics and release them on time for its final print edition in the last week of December.
Prior to Nielsen SoundScan, the year-end singles chart was calculated with an inverse-point system based solely on track performance on Hot 100 (for example, a song would be given one point for a week spent in position 100, two points for a week spent in position 99 onwards, 100 points for each week spent in number one). Other factors include the total number of weeks the song is spent on the chart and at its peak is counted into the final year-end.
After Billboard began to get sales and aerated information from Nielsen SoundScan, the year-end charts are now calculated based on the annual cumulative sales, streaming, and points that are played throughout the year. This gives a more accurate picture of each of the most popular songs of the year, as a song that hypothetically spends nine weeks at number one in March may earn fewer cumulative points than a song that spends six weeks at number three in January. The songs at the peak of their popularity at the time of the year-chart cutback of November/December many times end up ranking on the charts next year as well, since their cumulative points are split between two-year graphs, but often rank lower than they will peak in one year.
Use in media
The Hot 100 is served for years as a data source for the American Top 40 weekly radio countdown event. This relationship ended on November 30, 1991, when American Top 40 started using the just-play side of Hot 100 (later called Top 40 Radio Monitor ). The breakup of Top 40 radio in the early 1990s caused the stations to rely on special formats, which means that practically no stations play a variety of genres that are typically composed on every Hot 100 weekly chart.
Similar graphics
A new chart, Pop 100, was made by Billboards in February 2005 to answer the criticism that Hot 100 is biased against rhythmic songs, because in most of its existence Hot 100 seems to be dominated as a pop chart. It was discontinued in June 2009 as the graph became more and more similar.
The Canadian Hot 100 was launched June 16, 2007. Like the Hot 100 charts, it uses sales and tracking playback compiled by Nielsen SoundScan and BDS.
Japan Hot 100 was launched in the May 31, 2008 edition, using the same methodology as the Hot 100 chart for US and Canada, utilizing sales and playback data from Japanese SoundScan and Plantech radio tracking service.
See also
- Bestsellers
- Billboard chart
- Billboard Music Awards
- Chart-topper
- List of artists who reached number one in the United States
- List of the best music artists in the US
- List of top selling music artists
- List of Billboard Hot 100 chart achievements and milestones
- List of Billboard single number one
- Single certification
Note
References
External links
- Official website
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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