Education in Bangladesh is supervised by Bangladesh Ministry of Education. The Ministry of Basic Education and Mass Education is responsible for implementing policies for basic education and state-funded schools at the local level. In Bangladesh, all citizens must undergo a twelve-year compulsory education of eight years at the primary and four years level at the secondary school level. Basic and secondary education is financed by the state and is free in public schools.
Bangladesh is fully compatible with the goals of the United Nations Education and Alliance (EFA) and the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and other international declarations on education. Article 17 of the Constitution of Bangladesh states that all children receive free and compulsory education.
Video Education in Bangladesh
Sistem pendidikan
The main education system is divided into three levels:
- Primary Level (Classes 1-8)
- Secondary Level (Grades 9-12)
- Tertiary Level
At all levels of the school, students may choose to receive their education in English or Bangla. Private schools tend to use English-based learning media while government-sponsored schools use Bangla.
Cadet Colleges is important in the Bangladesh education system. A college cadet is a space and college council run by Bangladesh. Military discipline is mandatory in all cadet schools. Faujdarhat Cadet College is the first cadet school in Bangladesh, founded in 1958 on an 185 acre (0.75 km 2 ) plot at Faujdarhat in the Chittagong district. Currently there are 12 cadet colleges in Bangladesh, including 3 college cadets for girls.
The tertiary education in Bangladesh takes place in 37 state universities, 80 private universities and 3 international universities. Students may choose to pursue their studies in Chartered Accountancy, engineering, technology, agriculture and medicine at various universities and colleges.
Primary education
The overall responsibility of basic education management lies with the Ministry of Primary and Secondary Education (MOPME), established as a Ministry in 1992. While MOPME is involved in policy formulation, implementation responsibilities lie with the Directorate of Primary Education (DPE) headed by a Director-General. The Directorate of Primary Education (DPE) and subordinate offices in the district and upazila are responsible for the management and supervision of basic education. Their responsibilities include recruitment, posting, and transfer of teachers and other staff; arranging in-service teacher training; free textbook distribution; and school supervision. The responsibility of school construction, repair and supply of school furniture lies with the DPE implemented through the Ministry of Local Government Engineering (LGED). The National Curriculum and Textbook Board (NCTB) is responsible for the development of textbook curriculum and production. While the Ministry of Education (MOE) is responsible for policy formulation, the Directorate of Higher Education and Higher Education (DSHE) under the Ministry of Education is responsible for implementing the same at secondary and higher education levels. The NCTB is responsible for developing the curriculum and publishing standard textbooks.
The Directorate of Basic Education (DPE) is responsible for conducting two public examinations:
- Primary School Certificate (PSC) (class 5)
- Certificate of Junior High School (JSC) (grade 8)
Secondary education
The secondary education level is controlled by eight General Education boards:
- Barisal Education Board for Barisal Division
- Chittagong Education Council for the Chittagong Division
- Comilla Educational Council for Comilla Division
- Dhaka Educational Council for Dhaka Division
- Dinajpur Educational Council for Rangpur Division
- Jessore Education Council for Khulna Division
- Mymensingh Educational Council for Mymensingh Division
- Rajshahi Education Board for Rajshahi Division
- Sylhet Education Board for Sylhet Division
The headquarters of the council is located in Barishal, Comilla Chittagong, Dhaka, Dinajpur Jessore, Rajshahi, and Sylhet.
The eight regional and regional BISE Boards (BISE) are responsible for conducting two public hearings:
- Secondary School Certificate (SSC) (class 10)
- Upper Secondary School Certificate (HSC) (grade 12)
At the school level, in the case of non-government secondary schools, the School Management Committee (SMC), and at the secondary college level, in the case of non-governmental colleges, the Governing Body (GB), established according to government directives, is responsible for mobilizing resources power, approve budgets, control spending, and appoint and discipline staff. While non-government secondary school teachers are recruited by SMCs that pay attention to relevant government regulations, state high school teachers are recruited centrally by DSHE through competitive exams.
In public high school, there is no SMC. The principal is responsible for running the school and overseen by the deputy director of each zone. Parent Teachers Associations (PTA), however, exist to ensure a better learning and teaching environment.
Tertiary education
At the tertiary level, the university is governed by the University of the Grants Commission. Colleges providing higher education are under the National University. Each medical faculty is affiliated with a state university. Universities in Bangladesh are autonomous bodies managed by legal entities such as Syndicate, Senate, Academic Council, etc. In accordance with the provisions set out in their respective actions.
Technical and Vocational Education
The Technical and Vocational Education System provides programs related to various practical and applied fields of science, technology and engineering, or focuses on specific areas of interest. Course duration ranges from one month to four years. The Technical Education Council controls technical and vocational training at the intermediate level.
The Directorate of Technical Education (DTE) is responsible for the planning, development and implementation of technical and vocational education in the country. The curriculum is implemented by BTEB. There are also a number of private universities in Bangladesh. In the Technical Education System, after obtaining a Diploma-in-Engineering (four-year curriculum) from the institute listed below, students can pursue their educational career by earning a bachelor's degree from Engineering & University of Technology. It usually takes an additional two and a half to three years of courses to earn a bachelor's degree, although some students take more than three years to do so. They can then enroll in post-graduate studies. Students may also study CA (Chartered Accounting) upon graduation of HSC or a bachelor's degree and are subject to compliance with admission criteria from the Institute of Chartered Accountants of Bangladesh (ICAB).
- Barisal Polytechnic Institute - one of the largest polytechnic institutes in Bangladesh
- Bogra Polytechnic Institute - This is one of the largest Polytechnic institutes in Bangladesh
- Chittagong Polytechnic Institute - provides theoretical and practical education for basic Engineering and technology
- Jessore Polytechnic Institute
- Dhaka Polytechnic Institute - government technical institute in Dhaka
- Feni Polytechnic Institute - created on 29 February 1964, the institute has about 2,000 students
- Khulna Polytechnic Institute - government technical institute at Khulna
- Kushtia Polytechnic Institute - Bangladesh's largest polytechnic institute
- Mymensingh Polytechnic Institute - founded in 1963 by the Ford Foundation
- Rajshahi Polytechnic Institute - government technical institute at Rajshahi.
- Sylhet Polytechnic Institute - a state-supported technical academic institution, founded in 1955 by the Government of Bangladesh at that time
- The Polytechnic Institute of Dinajpur - founded in 1964
- Mangrove Institute of Science and Technology - non-government technical institute at Khulna
- BCMC College of Engineering & amp; Technology - Bangladesh's largest private polytechnic college
Maps Education in Bangladesh
Alternate education system
English school
A large number of schools in Bangladesh are schools of the English version. English High schools are mainly private schools where all courses are taught in English except one Bengali language subject at a regular level (Level O). These schools in Bangladesh follow the General Education Certificate (GCE) syllabus where students are prepared to take the Ordinary Level (Upper Level) and Advanced (A Level) Exams. The General Education Certificate system is one of the most internationally recognized qualifications, based in the UK. The Ordinary and Advanced Examination is equivalent to English with a Junior High School (SSC) and High School (SMA) exams respectively. Most students take this exam from schools registered in Bangladesh following the GCE syllabus. Those who do not attend the GCE syllabus may also take their Ordinary and Advanced Level exams from the British Council. This examination was conducted under the supervision of the British Council in Bangladesh. The GCE examination conducted by the British Council takes place twice a year. Currently there are two boards operating from Bangladesh for the Ordinary and Advanced Exam, the Edexcel International Exam and Cambridge University. Bangladesh recently opened English-language schools (Bangladesh) that translate text books in English.
Madrasah Education
The Madrasah Education System focuses on religious education, teaching all the basic education in the religious environment. Religious studies are taught in Arabic and students in some areas also serve the local area of ​​the mosque. Students must also complete all programs from the Public Education System. Many private licensed Madrasahs take homeless children and provide them with food, shelter and education, such as Jamia Tawakkulia Renga Madrasah in Sylhet. In the Madrasah Education System there are two systems:
One, the so-called "Quomi" madrasah system is privately owned and funded and executed in accordance with the Deobandi system of Islamic education, which rejects the rational sciences.
Others, called the "Alia" madrasah system, are private but subsidized by the government (the government spends 11.5% of its education budget for madrasah alia, pays 80% of teachers' salaries and administrators). Quadal madrasah accounted for 1.9% of total primary enrollment and 2.2% of secondary school participation; madrasah aliyah accounted for 8.4% of primary and 19% of secondary school enrollment. The alia system is like a general education system, unless Arabic is taught in addition to general education. The Madrasah Education Board includes religious education in government-registered Madrasahs at the secondary level. After passing the "Alim", a student can enroll for an additional 3 years to get the "Fazil" level. Students may go for further public education and earn a university degree. After successfully graduating, they can enroll further for 2 more years to earn a "Kamil" degree.
The following table provides a comparison of the statistics of the "Quomi" and "Alia" madrasah systems.
Non-formal education
There are a large number of non-formal schools run by NGOs, primarily serving drop-out students and non-government elementary schools. Very few NGOs, however, provide education for a full five year basic education cycle. Therefore, after completing their two-to-three year non-formal basic education in NGO-run schools, students usually re-enter public high school/non-government primary schools.
There are Non-Governmental Schools (NGOs) and Non-Formal Education Centers (NFEs) and many of them are funded by the government. The largest NFE program is the famous BRAC program. However, not all NFE graduates continue to secondary school.
NGO-run schools are different from other non-government private schools. While private schools operate like private companies that are often guided by commercial interests, NGO schools operate primarily in areas not served either by government or private schools, essentially to meet the educational needs of vulnerable groups in the community. They usually follow an informal approach to meeting the special needs of children of these vulnerable groups. But at present, some NGO schools operate in places where there are private schools and government schools.
Similarly, in schools run by NGOs there is no SMC. Management styles differ depending on the different policies pursued by different NGOs. Some are managed centrally in very bureaucratic settings, while others enjoy considerable autonomy.
Different NGOs are pursuing different policies regarding teacher recruitment. Some prepare candidate panel teachers based on rigorous tests and recruit teachers from this panel. Other NGOs recruited teachers informally from locally-interested people.
Current Problem
Current government projects to promote children's education in Bangladesh include mandatory primary education for all, free education for girls up to grade 10, benefits for female students, integrated national education system and food literacy movement for education. Most of the national budget of the state is set aside to help realize these programs and to promote education and make it more accessible. The past few years have seen this fruitful endeavor and the education system of Bangladesh move forward from what was just a few years ago. Now even the national curriculum books from grade 5 to grade 12 are distributed freely among all students and schools. Bangladesh is now trying to build long-distance and digital classes through internet conferencing.
Bangladesh's education system faces several problems. In the past, Bangladeshi education was primarily an upper-class British model with all courses given in English and very little was done for ordinary people. The Bangladesh education board has taken steps to abandon such practices in the past and expect education as a way to provide a poverty-stricken country with a brighter future. Because Bangladesh is a densely populated country, there is a great demand to convert the population into labor, which is why proper education is needed and proper government assistance in Bangladesh's education sector is essential.
Education spending as a percentage of GDP
Public expenditure on education lies on the outskirts of 2 percent of GDP with a minimum of 0.94 percent in 1980 and a maximum of 2.2 percent in 2007.
Qualitative dimension
The education system lacks a Human Resource Development System and good deployment and this has degraded the spirit of basic education personnel, including teachers, and contributes to poor performance. Poverty is a major threat to basic education. In Bangladesh, the population is very high. The number of seats available in college is less than the number of students who wish to enroll, and the number of available seats in the university is also less than the number of students who graduate higher and want to join the university. In addition, the cost of education increases day by day, as a result many students can not afford it.
One study found the absent rate of elementary school teachers 15.5%.
Gender gap
In Bangladesh, gender discrimination in education takes place among rural households but none of the rich households. There is a big difference in the success rate of boys, compared with girls in Bangladesh. However, in recent years some progress has been made in an attempt to remedy this problem.
Attendance at school
Low performance in basic education is also a concern. Dropout rates and high grade repetition rates. Poor school attendance and low contact time in school are factors that contribute to low levels of learning achievement.
Religion and education
Madrasah education in Bangladesh is heavily influenced by religion.
Literacy rate
Bangladesh has one of the lowest literacy rates in Asia, estimated at 66.5% for males and 63.1% for women by 2014. Recently the literacy rate of Bangladesh has increased since it stood at 71% by 2015 school modernization and funding education.
See also
- Cadet Academy in Bangladesh
- Bangladesh Technical Education Council
- List of colleges and universities in Brahmanbaria
- List of medical faculty in Bangladesh
- List of schools in Bangladesh
References
Further reading
External links
- Bangladesh Ministry of Education
- Bangladesh Secondary Education Council
- The University Grant Commission
- Bangladesh Education Bureau of Education and Statistics
- Secondary and Secondary Education Council of Bangladesh in Sylhet
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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