Martha Layne Collins (nÃÆ' Â © e Hall , born December 7, 1936) is a former US businessman and politician from the US state of Kentucky; he was elected governor of the 56 countries from 1983 to 1987, the first woman to hold office and the only one dating. Prior to that, he served as Lieutenant Governor of the 48th Kentucky, under John Y. Brown, Jr. His election made him the highest-ranking Democratic woman in the US. He is considered as a candidate for the Democratic presidential candidate, Walter Mondale. the 1984 presidential election, but Mondale elected Congressman Geraldine Ferraro instead.
After graduating from the University of Kentucky, Collins worked as a school teacher while her husband completed a degree in dentistry. He became interested in politics, and worked on both Wendell Ford governor's campaigns in 1971 and Huddleston's "US Senate" campaign at Huddleston in 1972. In 1975, he was elected secretary of the state Democratic Party and was elected an employee of the Kentucky Appellate Court. During his tenure as a clerk, the constitutional amendments restructured the state judicial system, and the Court of Appeal became the Kentucky Supreme Court. Collins continued as a renewed court employee and worked to educate citizens about the new role of the court.
Collins was elected lieutenant governor in 1979, under Governor John Y. Brown, Jr. Brown often leaves the country, allowing Collins to act as governor for more than 500 days from his four-year term. In 1983, he defeated Republican Jim Bunning to become first Kentucky woman governor. His government has two main focuses: education and economic development. After failing to obtain increased funding for education in the 1984 legislative session, he conducted a statewide public awareness campaign prior to the special legislative session of the following year; the modified program is passed in that session. He managed to use economic incentives to bring the Toyota manufacturing plant to Georgetown, Kentucky in 1986. Legal challenges to incentives - which would harm the state and related economic benefits - were ultimately dismissed by the Kentucky Supreme Court. The country underwent a record of economic growth under Collins' leadership.
At that time, the governor of Kentucky was not eligible for re-election. Collins teaches at several universities after his four-year term as governor. From 1990 to 1996, he was president of Saint Catharine College near Springfield, Kentucky. Confidence 1993 from Collins's husband, Dr. Bill Collins, in an influential scandal, ruined his hope of returning to political life. Before her husband's conviction, it has been rumored that she will be a candidate for the US Senate, or will take a position in the administration of President Bill Clinton. From 1998 to 2012, Collins served as an executive undergraduate at Georgetown College.
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Martha Layne Hall was born December 7, 1936, in Baghdad, Kentucky, her only child in Everett and Mary (Taylor) Hall. When Martha was in sixth grade, her family moved to Shelbyville, Kentucky, and opened the Hall-Taylor Funeral Home. Martha was involved in various extracurricular activities both at school and in the local Baptist church. Her parents are active in local politics, working for the campaigns of several Democratic candidates, and Hall often joins them, stuffs envelopes and distributes pamphlets from house to house.
Martha attended Shelbyville High School where she was a good student and a cheerleader. He often competed in beauty contests and won the Shelby County Tobacco Festival Queen title in 1954. After high school, the Hall enrolled at Lindenwood College, then an all-female college in Saint Charles, Missouri (now a joint university). After a year at Lindenwood, he moved to the University of Kentucky in Lexington, Kentucky. He is active in many clubs, including the Chi Omega social gathering, the Baptist Student Union, and the home economy club, as well as the boarding president and vice president of the home presidential council.
In 1957, Hall met with Billy Louis Collins while attending a Baptist camp in Shelby County. He was a student at Georgetown College in Georgetown, Kentucky, about 13 miles from Lexington; she and Hall are dating while finishing their degree. Hall earned a Bachelor of Science degree in Home Economics in 1959. After winning the Kentucky Derby Festival Queen title earlier that year, he briefly considered a career in modeling. Instead, he and Collins married shortly after his graduation. While Billy Collins pursued a degree in dentistry at Louisville University, Martha taught at Seneca and Fairdale high schools, both located in Louisville. While living in Louisville, the couple had two children, Steve and Marla.
In 1966, the Collinses family moved to Versailles, Kentucky, where Martha taught at Woodford County Primary School. The couple became active in several civilian organizations, including Jaycees and Jayceettes and Young Democratic Couples Club. Through the club, they work on behalf of the failed campaign of governor Henry Ward in 1967.
Maps Martha Layne Collins
early political career
In 1971, Collins was president of Jayceettes; through his work there, he became the concern of Democratic state senator Walter "Dee" Huddleston. Huddleston asked Collins to jointly lead the Wendell Ford governor's campaign in the 6th District. J.R. Miller, then head of the country's Democratic Party, commented that "He arranged the district as you would not believe." After Ford's victory, he named Collins as a member of the Democratic National Committee from Kentucky. He quit his teaching job and worked full-time at the Democratic Party's state headquarters, as secretary of the country's Democratic party and as delegate to the 1972 Democratic National Convention. The following year, he worked for Huddleston's campaign for the US Senate.
In 1975, Collins won a Democratic nomination for the Kentucky Court of Appeals Court in five main rounds. In elections, he defeated the Republic of Joseph E. Lambert in a vote of 382,528 to 233,442. During his tenure, state constitutional amendments changed the name of the Court of Appeal to the Kentucky Supreme Court; Collins was the last person to hold the position of the High Court Clerk and the first to hold the position of the Registrar of the Supreme Court. As a Clerk, he collected and distributed brochures on the new roles of the Supreme Court, and worked with the state education department to create teacher guides for use in public schools, detailing changes made in the court system as a result of constitutional amendments. The Women's Business and Professionals Chapter in Woodford County chose Collins as a Women of the Year 1976, and in 1977, Governor Julian Carroll named the Kentucky Executive Director of Friendship Force.
In a field that includes six prime candidates, Collins secures Democratic nominations for lieutenant governors in primary 1979, garnering 23 percent of the vote. He easily defeated the Republic of Hal Rogers in the elections 543,176 to 316,798. As a lieutenant governor, he traveled to the state, attending a ceremony at the Democratic Governor's venue John Y. Brown, Jr., who did not like such formal events and often chose not to attend. At the end of his tenure, he declared that he had visited all 120 counties in Kentucky. Governor Brown often leaves the country, allowing Collins to act as governor for more than 500 days from his four-year term.
As lieutenant governor, Collins leads the state Senate. Members of both parties praised Collins for his impartiality and his knowledge of parliamentary procedures in this role. He twice summoned to decide the vote in the Senate, once on a bill that allowed state teachers to engage in collective bargaining and the other on bills to allow banking branches on the country's line within the state; in both cases he chose the negative, killing the bill. During his tenure, he also led the National Conference of Lieutenant Governors, becoming the first woman to hold that position. In 1982, he was appointed to the councils of Southern Baptist Theological Seminary leaders in Louisville.
Gubernator 1983 election
Toward the end of his tenure as a lieutenant governor, Collins announced his intention to run for governor in 1983. His opponents for Democratic nomination included the mayor of Louisville Harvey Sloane and Grady Stumbo, former secretary of the State Department of Human Resources. Collins has the support of many leaders in the Democratic Party, but just before the prime minister, Governor Brown backs Stumbo, alleging that Sloane and Collins will use the power of appointing their governor to issue party patronage. Although this was a common practice at the time, Brown was primarily shunned during his tenure. With 223,692 votes, Collins defeated Sloane (219,160 votes) and Stumbo (199,795 votes) to secure the nomination. Sloane asked for a reconciliation of the ballot, but ultimately decided it would not change the result and conceded defeat.
In the general election, Collins faces Republican state senator Jim Bunning, who was later elected at the Baseball Hall of Fame for his achievements as a professional pitcher. The National Organization for Women, the National Women's Campaign Fund and the Women's Political Caucus all refused to support Collins, citing her lukewarm support for the Equal Rights Amendment and her opposition to abortion except in cases of rape, incest, or when the mother's life was in danger. Bunning, however, is not personable on the campaign path and has trouble finding a problem that will appeal to Democratic traditional voters to him. Its catholicism is the political responsibility of Protestant majority voters. Collins won the election by a vote of 561,674 to 454,650, becoming the first, and only for now, the woman who was elected governor of Kentucky.
After his election, Collins donated a $ 242,000 surplus from the campaign's pocket to the state Democratic Party. When Collins's husband was named the state treasurer for the party - with an annual salary of $ 59,900 - the state press alleged that the move was a plot to channel Collins' campaign funds into his personal account. (The Treasurer of the former Democrats did not receive a salary during his tenure.) After media criticism, Dr. Collins resigned from his position as treasurer. Everyone involved insisted that Governor Collins was not given an explanation of the details of her husband's appointment. Media criticism of Collins continues as many of the appointments in its executive cabinet go to what they characterize as inexperienced personnel who have held key positions in their past campaigns. When the newly appointed Insurance Commissioner, Gilbert McCarty agreed to a 17% tariff increase requested by the Blue Cross Blue Shield - a request that his predecessor had denied a few days earlier - Collins quickly denied approval pending a public hearing on the matter.
Governor
In his first speech to the legislature, Collins requested an additional $ 324 million from the Kentucky General Assembly, mostly allocated for education. Additional income will be derived from Collins's proposed tax package, which includes raising income taxes on individuals earning more than $ 15,000 annually, expanding sales taxes to cover services such as car and dry cleaning, and increasing corporate licensing taxes. After opposing his proposals developed among legislators during the two-year 1984 legislative session, Collins revised the tax package. He maintains increased corporate tax licensing, but reimburses sales taxes and income tax modifications with a flat five percent flat personal tax and gradually reduces the deductions for depreciation that companies can claim on their state taxes.
With the country still recovering from the economic recession and the upcoming election year, legislators refuse to raise taxes. Collins finally withdrew his request and filed a continuation budget instead. Some of the educational proposals advocated by Collins were passed, including compulsory kindergartens, improvement programs for elementary school children, mandatory testing and apprenticeship for teachers, and the implementation of academic curators for poorly performing schools. Among other achievements of the 1984 legislative sessions were part of the heavier drunk driving laws, and measures that allowed state banking companies to buy other banks within the country.
Considerations for vice presidents
Based on his election as governor of Kentucky, Collins became the highest-ranking Democratic woman in the country. Only two women in the US Senate were Republicans at the time, and Collins was the only female governor in any state. Shortly after his election, he appeared on Good Morning America, where he was asked about his interest in the vice president and gave a non-committal answer. Four days after his inauguration as governor, he was elected to deliver a Democratic response to Ronald Reagan's weekly radio address. At a press conference after his speech, Collins was again asked whether he would be considered a vice-presidential candidate from the Democratic Party in the upcoming elections; he replied, "No, not right now."
In mid-1984, the Democratic National Committee chose Collins to lead the 1984 Democratic National Convention in San Francisco. This involvement prevents Collins from leading a state delegation to a convention, such as a typical governor. The party appoints Collins's son, Steve as head of state. Before the convention, Walter Mondale, a presumptive presidential candidate, interviewed Collins as a vice presidential candidate before choosing Geraldine Ferraro as his partner. A writer for The Miami Herald later argued, based on an interview with Mondale's advisor, that Collins was never given serious consideration by Mondale. He reported that he was included in the list of potential spouses who ran mainly to blunt the possibility of "tokenism" in considering women and other minorities.
Education proposal
In January 1985, Collins renewed his encouragement for additional educational funding and change by appointing his own secretary of state's Education and Humanities cabinet. Following the announcement, Collins and several key legislators held a series of meetings in each district, advocated proposed changes and sought information on what kinds of changes citizens want. At the meeting, Collins was careful to separate the issues of the proposed education plan and the potential for tax increases. He believes that opposition to a tax increase has prevented previous packages from enacting.
Collins announced a new educational package in June 1985 that included a five per cent salary increase for teachers, a reduction in class size, funding for construction projects, helpers for every kindergarten teacher in the state, and a "power distribution" program to make funding for poorer school districts more equal to their more prosperous colleagues. After a positive reaction to the plans of the legislator, he summoned a special legislative session to convene on 8 July to consider the plan. After two weeks of consideration, the General Assembly approved Collins' educational plan, tripling the corporate licensing tax to $ 2.10 per $ 1,000 to pay for the package. The Assembly rejected the proposed five cent raise per gallon in the country's gasoline tax to finance other spending.
Collins followed up on his success in a special session of 1985 with a push for higher education funding in the 1986 legislative session. MPs are required by approving an additional $ 100 million for higher education in a bi-annual budget. They also approved the introduction of the preschool preschool program and the purchase of new textbooks, but failed to act on Collins' request for an additional $ 3.9 million to improve the state vocational education system. The legislator approves a call for a referendum on constitutional amendments - backed by Collins - to make the state of education superintendent a designated, rather than an elective. The amendment was defeated by state voters in November 1986, although the campaign led by Collins backed him. Increased corporate taxes intended to cover the cost of increasing the education budget, however, are inadequate. In 1987, plans to raise revenues through changes in state income taxes were abandoned when Wallace Wilkinson, the prospective governor of Democrats who would continue to succeed Collins, announced his opposition to him.
Toyota Assembly Factory
In March 1985, Collins started the first of several trade missions to Japan. He returned there in October 1985, and also visited China - first for every Kentucky Governor - to encourage the opening of the Chinese market for Kentucky goods and to establish sister state relations with China's Jiangxi province. Collins's efforts in Japan produced his most significant achievement as governor - convincing Toyota to look for a $ 800 million manufacturing plant in Georgetown. According to published reports, Kentucky locations were selected over the proposed sites in Indiana, Missouri, Tennessee, and Kansas.
The deal with Toyota relies on a $ 125 million legislative approval in an incentive promised to Toyota by Collins and state Trade Minister Carroll Knicely. They include $ 35 million to buy and raise 1,600 hectares (650 acres) of channels to be provided to Toyota for the factory, $ 33 million for employee start-up training, $ 10 million for employee skills development centers, and $ 47 million in road improvements in near the location. The incentive package was approved in the 1986 legislative session. State Attorney David L. Armstrong expressed concern that incentives might be in conflict with the state constitution by giving gifts from state treasury to private business but concluded that the General Assembly had made "good faith efforts to comply with the constitution ".
Given Armstrong's concerns, the government hired general adviser J. Patrick Abell to file a friendly test case to determine the constitutionality of the incentive package. While the lawsuit was pending, the Lexington Herald-Leader reported that the government had failed to include interest on the bonds used to finance expenses in the estimated cost; This, coupled with the cost swelling reported by Herald-Leader, has pushed the total package cost to approximately $ 354 million by the end of September 1986. In October, Toyota agreed to cover the associated cost swelling. by setting up a site for construction.
Opponents of the economic temptation for Toyota join the state test suit. In October 1986, District Court Judge Franklin Ray Corns issued an initial decision that the package did not violate the state constitution, but both sides asked the Kentucky Supreme Court to make a final decision. On June 11, 1987, the Kentucky Supreme Court ruled 4-3 that the package served public purposes and was therefore constitutional.
Shortly after the announcement that Toyota moved to Georgetown, Martha Lane Collins, in his capacity as Governor condemned a portion of land owned by real estate developer Gordon Taub. Taub owns 60 hectares inside the Toyota plant and the 4.2 acre is criticized for building a four-lane highway to the entrance of the Toyota plant. Taub challenges the criticism that the Commonwealth has no right to condemn private ownership of the use of for profit , public companies. In the trial, Martha Lane Collins became the first governor of Kentucky to testify in court. He was represented by former governor, Bert T. Combs, Taub represented by former governor Louis B. Nunn; This is also the first time in Kentucky history that two former governors represent opposition parties in a legal act.
Later, Toyota set up several state-of-the-art assembly plants; towards the end of the Collins period, the State Trade Cabinet reported that 25 automotive-related manufacturing plants had been built in 17 districts since Toyota's announcement.
In 1987, Collins pledged $ 10 million in state aid to Ford to provide incentives to the company to expand its truck assembly plant in Louisville. The country underwent a record of job growth under Collins's economic development plan, including efforts to attract domestic and international companies. The country's unemployment rate fell from 9.7 percent in October 1983 to 7.2 percent in October 1987; according to self-government figures, they created a net increase of 73,000 jobs in the state during Collins's tenure.
Other things during Collins's
On October 7, 1987, Collins held a special legislative session to cover the deficit between the state's contribution to the Special Funds worker's compensation and disbursement. Special Funds are intended for payments to workers with occupational diseases and injured workers in relation to their work can not be traced to any employer. A plan proposed by Democratic state senator Ed O'Daniel is expected to provide a framework for the legislation considered in the session. Under O'Daniel's plan, additional revenues for the Special Fund will be increased by increasing the assessment of compensation for workers' compensation for 30 years. Rating for coal companies increased more than other businesses because the majority of claims paid from the Special Fund were for black lung, a common respiratory disease among coal miners; consequently, it is opposed by legislators from districts who are heavily dependent on coal. However, after nine days of negotiations, a bill that was substantially similar to O'Daniel's original plan was approved by the legislature and signed by Collins.
Collins led the Tennessee-Tombigbee Waterway Authority and held that position when the waterway was opened to the public in 1985. On May 10, 1985, he was appointed to the Alumni Hall of the Kentucky Alumni Association. He also heads the Southern Growth Policy Council, the Southern State Energy Council, and co-chair of the Appalachian Regional Commission.
Activity after leaving the office
Collins expired on December 8, 1987, and, under the limitations of the Kentucky Constitution, he did not qualify for consecutive term. In 1988, he accepted a position as "executive in residence" at the University of Louisville, giving guest lectures to students in the university business class. He also started an international trade consulting firm in Lexington. When President of Western Kentucky University Kern Alexander resigned to accept a position at Virginia Tech in 1988, Collins was among the four finalists to replace him. Some faculty members openly expressed concern about Collins' lack of experience in academia, and he withdrew his name from consideration just before the new president was announced.
After fulfilling his one-year commitment to Louisville University, Collins was appointed colleague of the John F. Kennedy Government School of the Harvard Institute of Politics, teaching non-credit classes with leadership styles once a week. Along with his position at Harvard, Collins was appointed board of trustees for Midway College in 1989; the following year, he was expelled from the council of Southern Baptist Theological Seminary leaders. His dismissal was automatically triggered after he missed three consecutive board meetings between 1986 and 1989. In 1990, Collins received the presidency of Saint Catharine College in Springfield, Kentucky, becoming the first president of a small Catholic college that was not a Dominican nun. College officials claimed that Collins was recruited for the presidency to improve the campus profile.
In 1993, Collins's husband, Bill, was accused of an influential scandal. The prosecutor claims that while Collins is the governor, Dr. Collins exploits the perception that he can influence the awarding of state contracts through his wife. It is alleged that he exploited this perception to suppress those who do business with the state to invest nearly $ 2 million with him. He was convicted on October 14, 1993, after seven weeks of trial; he was given a five-year sentence and three months in federal prison, which is at the lower end of the range determined by federal penalty guidelines. He was also fined $ 20,000 for conspiracy allegations involving bribes disguised as political contributions. Governor Collins was called to testify at trial, but was not prosecuted. The scandal tarnished his image, however, and probably made him resign in the administration of President Bill Clinton. Collins is also rumored to be considering progressing to the US Senate, an offer that never materialized after her husband's conviction. The Collinses reunited after the release of Dr. Collins from prison on October 10, 1997.
In 1996, Collins resigned as president of Saint Catharine College to direct the Center for International Business and Management at the University of Kentucky. Later that year, he was one of the heads of the Trust Committee at the Democratic National Convention. When his contract with the University of Kentucky ended in 1998, Collins took a part-time position as a "residential executive degree" at Georgetown College, allowing him more time to pursue other interests. In 1999, he was appointed Honorary Consul General of Japan in Kentucky, a position involving promoting Japanese interests in Kentucky, encouraging Japanese investment in the state, and fostering cultural understanding between Kentucky and Japan. In 2001, Governor Paul E. Patton named the Kentucky Task Force's vice chairman of the Women's Economic Status. In January 2005, he became chairman and chief executive officer of the Kentucky World Trade Center. He has held positions on the board of directors for several companies, including Eastman Kodak.
Awards and honor
Women Leading Kentucky, a nonprofit group designed to promote education, guidance and networking among professional Kentucky women, created the Martha Layne Collins Leadership Award in 1999 to recognize "an accomplished Kentucky woman who inspires and motivates other women through her personality, community life and professionals "; Collins was the first recipient of the award. In 2003, the Kentucky Bluegrass Parkway was renamed Martha Layne Collins Bluegrass Parkway in his honor; Collins also received the World Trade Day Honor Book for the state of Kentucky from the World Trade Center Association that year. In 2009, he was inducted into the Order of the Rising Sun, Gold and Silver Stars by the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs for his contribution "to strengthen the economic and cultural exchanges between Japan and the United States". High School Martha Layne Collins in Shelby County was named in her honor and opened in 2010.
See also
- List of female governors in the United States
- List of female lieutenant governors in the United States
References
Bibliography
Further reading
- Johnson, Gail (2012). Pioneer Governor: Six Extraordinary Women . North Charleston, South Carolina: CreateSpace. ISBN: 978-1-4662-7769-4.
- Madsen, Susan R. (2009). Develop leadership: learn from women governor experience . Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America. ISBN 0-7618-4308-6. Ã,
- Marshall, Brenda DeVore; Molly A. Mayhead (2000). Navigate the boundary: women's governor's rhetoric . Westport, Connecticut: Praeger. ISBN: 0-275-96778-6. Ã,
- Smith, Frances (1991). The little girl who grew up governor: the story from the life of Martha Layne Collins . Lexington, Kentucky: Denham Publishing Company. ISBNÃ, 0-9630135-0-5.
- Appearance in C-SPAN
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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