American music reflects the multi-ethnic population of the country through a variety of styles. It is a mixture of music influenced by the culture of West Africa, Ireland, Scotland and mainland Europe among others. The most famous genres in the world are jazz, blues, country, bluegrass, rock, rhythm and blues, soul, ragtime, hip hop, barbershop, pop, experimental, techno, house, dance, boogaloo, salsa, and rock and roll. The United States has the largest music market in the world with a total retail value of 4,898.3 million dollars by 2014, and its music is heard all over the world. Since the beginning of the 20th century, some forms of American popular music have gained global audiences.
Native Americans are the earliest landowners now known as the United States and play their first music. Beginning in the 17th century, immigrants from England, Ireland, Spain, Germany, and France began arriving in large numbers, bringing new styles and instruments. African slaves carry a musical tradition, and each subsequent wave of immigrants contributes to the melting pot.
Many popular modern music can trace its roots to the emergence of African American blues in the 19th century and the growth of gospel music in the 1920s. The African-American basis for the elements of popular music used comes from European and indigenous music. There are also strong African roots in the musical traditions of native white settlers, such as country and bluegrass. The United States has also seen documenting folk music and recording popular music produced in the ethnic style of Ukrainian, Irish, Scottish, Polish, Hispanic, and Jewish societies, among others.
Many American cities and towns have vibrant musical scenes, which in turn, support a number of regional music styles. Together with music centers like Philadelphia, Seattle, Portland, New York City, San Francisco, New Orleans, Detroit, Minneapolis, Chicago, Miami, Atlanta, Nashville, Austin, and Los Angeles, many small towns like Asbury Park, New Jersey has produced a distinctive musical style. The Cajun and Creole traditions of Louisiana music, popular folk styles and Hawaiian music styles, and the old and bluegrass music of the Southeast countries are some examples of diversity in American music.
Video Music of the United States
Characteristics
The music of the United States can be characterized by the use of syncopation and asymmetrical rhythm, a long and irregular melody, which is said to "reflect the wide-open geography (American landscape)" and "a sense of characteristic of American personal freedom of life". Some different aspects of American music, such as call-and-response format, are derived from African techniques and instruments.
Throughout the next part of American history, and into modern times, the relationship between American and European music has become a topic discussed among American music scholars. Some have insisted on applying more pure European techniques and styles, sometimes perceived as more subtle or elegant, while others have encouraged a sense of musical nationalism that celebrates the typical American style. Modern classical music expert John Warthen Struble has distinguished America and Europe, concluding that American music is inherently different because the United States lacks centuries of musical evolution as a nation. By contrast, US music is literally dozens or hundreds of indigenous and immigrant groups, all of which have grown largely in regional isolation until the American Civil War, when people from all over the country are united in army units, trading musical styles. and practice. Struble considers the Civil War ballad "the first American folk music with real features that can be considered unique to America: the first 'American' sounding music, different from any other regional style originating from other countries."
The Civil War, and later periods, witnessed the general development of American art, literature, and music. Amateur music ensembles of this era can be seen as the birth of American popular music. Music writer David Ewen describes these early amateur bands as merging "depth and classical drama with a technique that is not too heavy, avoiding the complexities that support direct expression.If it's vocal music, the words will be in English, even though pretentious language England On the one hand, it is part of all the American revival that occurred after the Civil War, the time when American painters, writers and composers 'seriously' discussed American special themes. "During this period the blues, gospel, jazz and country music begin to form; in the 20th century, this became the core of American popular music, which subsequently evolved into styles such as rhythm and blues, rock and roll, and hip hop music.
Social identity
Music links with aspects of American social and cultural identity, including through social class, race and ethnicity, geography, religion, language, gender, and sexuality. The relationship between music and race is probably the most powerful musical determinant in the United States. The development of African American musical identity, from different sources from Africa and Europe, has become a constant theme in the history of American music. Small documentation existed in the colonial era of African-American music, as styles, songs, and instruments from all over West Africa mixed with European styles and instruments in melting slavery containers. In the mid-19th century, African American folk traditions were very popular and widespread, and African American musical instruments, instruments and images became part of American mainstream music through spiritual, singer, and slave performances. African American music styles become an integral part of American popular music through blues, jazz, rhythm and blues, and then rock and roll, soul, and hip hop; all of these styles are consumed by Americans of all races, but are created in African American style and idiom before finally becoming common in cross-race performance and consumption. In contrast, country music originated in Africa and Europe, as well as Native American and Hawaiian, tradition and has recently been regarded as a form of white music.
The economic and social classes separate American music through the creation and consumption of music, such as the upscale protection of symphony sympathizers, and generally poor rural and ethnic musicians. The division of music by class is not absolute, however, and is sometimes assumed to be real; popular American country music, for example, is a commercial genre designed to "attract the identity of the working class, whether the audience is really working class" or not. Country music is also related to geographical identity, and in particular comes from rural and functions; other genres, such as R & amp; B and hip hop, is considered an inherent urban. For much of American history, music making has become a "feminine activity". In the 19th century, amateur pianos and chants were considered appropriate for middle and upper class women. Women are also a major part of early popular music performances, although the tradition that is recorded quickly becomes more dominated by men. Most popular male-dominated male genres include women, too, often in niches that are especially attractive to women; these include rap and heavy metal gangsta.
Maps Music of the United States
Diversity
The United States is often said to be a melting pot of culture, taking influence from around the world and creating new methods of cultural expression that are different. Although the aspect of American music can be traced back to its specific origins, claiming certain indigenous cultures for musical elements is inherently problematic, due to the constant evolution of American music through techniques and instruments of displacement, hybridization, and genre. Elements of foreign music arrive in the United States both through formal sponsoring of educational and social events by individuals and groups, and through informal processes, such as in West African incidental musical transplants through slavery, and Irish music through immigration. The most obvious American music is the result of cross-cultural hybridization through close contact. Slavery, for example, mixed people from various tribes in a narrow residence, produces a musical tradition together that is enriched through further hybridization with elements of native, Latin, and European music. American ethnic, religious and racial diversity has also produced mixed genres such as French-African music from Louisiana Creoles, Native music, Mexico, and European fusion, Tejano, and fully hybridized guitar and other modern Hawaiian music styles..
The process of transplanting intercultural music is not without criticism. The rise of the people of the mid-twentieth century, for example, adapted music from various rural communities, in part to promoting certain political causes, which has led to some questions as to whether the process led to "commercial commodification of other people's songs." and the inevitable dilution means "in appropriate music.The problem of cultural appropriation has also been a major part of racial relations in the US The use of African American musical, image, and conceit techniques in popular music largely by and for white Americans has widespread since at least the mid-19th century Stephen Foster's songs and the rise of singer performances.The American music industry has been actively trying to popularize the white players of African American music as they are more suited to mainstream Americans and the middle class. This process has been attributed to the emergence of diverse stars such as Benny Goodman, Eminem, and Elvis Presley, as well as popular styles such as the blue-eyed soul and rockabilly.
Folk music
Folk music in the US varies in different ethnic groups in the country. Native American tribes each play their own kind of folk music, mostly spiritual. African American music includes blues and gospels, descendants of West African music brought to America by slaves and mixed with Western European music. During the colonial era, British, French and Spanish styles and instruments were brought to America. At the beginning of the 20th century, the United States has become a major center of folk music from around the world, including polka, Ukrainian and Polish polish, Ashkenazi, klezmer, and some Latin music.
Native Americans played the first folk music in the present-day United States, using a variety of styles and techniques. Some similarities are almost universal among American traditional music, but, especially lack of harmony and polyphony, and the use of vowels and melodic figures are declining. Traditional instrumentation uses flutes and many types of percussion instruments, such as drums, rattles, and shakers. Since European and African contacts were established, Native American folk music has grown in a new direction, becoming a fusion with different styles such as European folk dance and Tejano music. Modern American native music is probably best known for pow wows, pan-tribal gatherings where dances and music are traditionally styled.
The original Thirteen Colonies in the United States are all former British property, and Anglo culture is the main foundation for American people and popular music. Many American folk songs are identical to English songs in the setting, but with new lyrics, often as parodies of the original material. Anglo-American songs are also characterized by fewer pentatonic notes, less prominent accompaniment (but with the use of heavier drones) and more melodies in general. Anglo-American traditional music also includes a wide range of ballads, funny stories and high tales, and disaster songs about mining, shipwrecks, and murders. Legendary heroes like Joe Magarac, John Henry, and Jesse James are part of many songs. British folk dances include a square dance, derived from quadrille, combined with American innovation from a caller instructing the dancers. The communal religious community known as Shaker emigrated from England during the 18th century and developed their own folk dance style. Their earliest songs can date back to the British folk song model. Other religious societies established their own unique musical culture early in American history, such as Amish music, the Harmony Society, and Ephrata Cloister in Pennsylvania.
Ancestors of African Americans today are brought to the United States as slaves, working mainly on plantations in the South. They come from hundreds of tribes all over West Africa, and they carry certain features of West African music including vocal calls and vocal responses and rhythmic rhythmic music, and the knocks of syncopation and shifting accents. The focus of African music on singing and rhythmic dancing is brought to the New World, and where it becomes part of a different folk culture that helps Africans "maintain continuity with their past through music". The first slaves in the United States sang work songs, shouting in the field, and following the Christianization, singing hymns. In the 19th century, the Great Awakening of the spirit of religion gripped people all over the country, especially in the South. The Protestant hymns written mostly by New England preachers characterize camp meetings held among devout Christians throughout the South. When blacks begin to sing a version of the adaptations of these hymns, they are called the Negro spiritual. From these roots, spiritual songs, work songs, and field shouts, blues, jazz, and gospel flourish.
Blues and spiritual
Spiritual is the main expression of religious belief, sung by slaves in the southern plantations. In the mid to late 19th century, spiritually spread from the US South. In 1871 Fisk University became home to Fisk Jubilee Singers, a pioneering group that popularized spiritually throughout the country. In the imitation of this group, the Gospel quartets appeared, followed by increased diversification with the early awakening of jackleg and the preachers of the 20th century, from which came the popular style of gospel music.
Blues are a combination of African working songs, hollers, and shouts. It was developed in the Southern countryside in the first decade of the 20th century. The most important characteristic of the blues is its use of the blue scale, with a flat or uncertain third voice, as well as the lyrics that usually mourn; although these two elements had existed in African American folk music before the 20th century, the form of modern blues codification (as with the AAB structure) did not exist until the early 20th century.
Other immigrant communities
The United States is a melting pot consisting of many ethnic groups. Many of these people who continue to live the folk tradition in their homeland, often produce a distinctive American style of foreign music. Some nationalities have produced local scenes in the territory of the country where they have gathered, such as Cape Verde music in New England, Armenian music in California, and Italian and Ukrainian music in New York City.
The Creoles are a community with a varied non-Anglo ancestry, mostly descendants of people living in Louisiana before being purchased by the US. Cajun is a group of Francophones who arrived in Louisiana after leaving Acadia in Canada. The city of New Orleans, Louisiana, being a major port, has served as a fusion site for people from all over the Caribbean. The result is a series of Cajun and Creole music styles that are diverse and syncretic.
Spain and then Mexico controlled much of what is now the western United States until the Mexican-American War, including the entire state of Texas. After Texas joined the United States, the native Tejanos living in the state began to develop culturally from their southern neighbors, and remained culturally different from other Texans. The essence of the early evolution of Tejano music was a mix of traditional Mexican forms such as mariachi and corridors, and Continental European styles introduced by German and Czech settlers in the late 19th century. In particular, the accordion was adopted by Tejano folk musicians around the beginning of the 20th century, and became a popular instrument for amateur musicians in Texas and Northern Mexico.
Classic music
Classical music was brought to the United States with some of the first colonists. European classical music is rooted in European art traditions, ecclesiastical music and concerts. The central norms of this tradition developed between 1550 and 1825, centering on what is known as the period of general practice. Many classical American composers tried to work entirely in the European model until the end of the 19th century. When AntonÃÆ'n Dvo? ÃÆ'¡k, a prominent Czech composer, visited the United States from 1892 to 1895, he repeated the notion that American classical music requires its own model and not imitate European composers; he helped inspire the next composer to create a classic American style of music. At the beginning of the 20th century, many American composers incorporated different elements into their work, ranging from jazz and blues to Indian music.
Beginning classical music
During the colonial era, there were two different areas of what is now considered classical music. One is associated with an amateur and pedagog composer, whose style was originally drawn from a simple hymn of praise and gained sophistication over time. Other colonial traditions were mid-Atlantic cities such as Philadelphia and Baltimore, which produced a number of prominent composers who worked almost entirely in European models; the composer is mostly from England, and works specifically in the leading English composer style of the day.
Classical music was brought to the United States during the colonial era. Many American composers of this period worked exclusively with the European model, while others, such as William Billings, Supply Belcher, and Justin Morgan, also known as First New England School developed a style almost entirely detached from European model. Of these composers, Billings is the most remembered; he is also influential "as the founder of the American church choir, as the first musician to use pitch pipes, and as the first to introduce violoncello into church services". Many of these composers are amateur singers who develop new forms of sacred music that are suitable for performance by amateurs, and often use harmonic methods that are considered strange by contemporary European standards. These composer styles were untouched by the "influence of their contemporary Europeans", using scale or pentatonic melodies or notes and distancing the rules of European harmony.
In the early 19th century, America produced a variety of composers such as Anthony Heinrich, which consisted in an idiosyncratic style, deliberately American and was the first American composer to write for a symphony orchestra. Many other composers, most notably William Henry Fry and George Frederick Bristow, support the idea of ​​the classic American style, although their works are very European-oriented. It was John Knowles Paine, who became the first American composer to be accepted in Europe. Paine's example inspired composers from the Second New England School, which included figures like Amy Beach, Edward MacDowell, and Horatio Parker.
Louis Moreau Gottschalk is probably the most remembered 19th-century American composer, said by music historian Richard Crawford to be known for "bringing uniqueness or people, themes and rhythms into music for concert halls." Gottschalk music reflects the cultural blend of his hometown, New Orleans, Louisiana, which is home to a variety of Latin, Caribbean, African American, Cajun and Creole music. He was recognized as a talented pianist in his lifetime, as well as a famous composer who remained admirable though little done.
20th century
New York's classical music streams include Charles Griffes, originally from Elmira, New York, which began publishing its most innovative material in 1914. Its early collaboration was an attempt to use non-Western musical themes. New York's most famous composer is George Gershwin. Gershwin is a songwriter with Tin Pan Alley and Broadway theater, and his works are heavily influenced by jazz, or rather precursors to jazz that still existed during his time. Gershwin's work makes American classical music more focused, and attracts unheard of international attention. Following Gershwin, the first major composer was Aaron Copland of Brooklyn, who used elements of American folk music, while still using European techniques and forms. Then, he switched to ballet and then serial music. Charles Ives was one of the earliest American classical composers with international significance, producing unique American-style music, although much of his music was unknown until after his death in 1954.
Many of the 20th-century composers, such as John Cage, John Corigliano, and Steve Reich, Miguel del Aguila, used modernist and minimalist techniques. Reich invented a technique known as phasing, in which two musical activities began simultaneously and repeated, gradually avoiding synchronization, creating a sense of natural progression. Reich is also very interested in non-Western music, incorporating African rhythmic techniques in his composition. The latest composers and artists are heavily influenced by the minimalist works of Philip Glass, a New York-based New Yorker, Meredith Monk, and others.
Popular music
The United States has produced many popular musicians and composers in the modern world. Starting with the birth of recorded music, American players continue to lead the field of popular music, out of "all the contributions made by America to world culture... have been brought to the heart by the whole world". Much of the history of popular music begins with American ragtime or Tin Pan Alley; others, however, trace popular music to the Renaissance and through broadsheets, ballads, and other popular traditions. Other authors typically see popular music sheets, searching for popular American music into the spiritual, singing, vaudeville, and patriotic songs of the Civil War.
Early popular songs
The patriotic layman's songs of the American Revolution are the first type of mainstream mainstream music. This includes "The Liberty Tree" by Thomas Paine. Printed cheaply as broadsheets, early patriotic songs scattered throughout the colony and performed at home and at public meetings. The fife songs are mainly celebrated, and performed on the battlefield during the American Revolution. Oldest old songs are "Yankee Doodle", which is still very well known today. The melody dates back to 1755 and was sung by American and British troops. Patriotic songs were mostly based on British melodies, with new lyrics added to criticize British colonialism; others use notes from Ireland, Scotland or elsewhere, or do not use familiar melodies. The song "Hail, Columbia" is a masterpiece that remains an unofficial national anthem until the adoption of "The Star-Spangled Banner". Most of the early American music still survives in Sacred Harp. Although relatively unknown outside the Shaker Community, Simple Gifts were written in 1848 by Elder Joseph Brackett and from then on the song became internationally renowned.
During the Civil War, as soldiers from different parts of the country came together, a variety of American music began to co-exist with each other, a process assisted by the burgeoning rail industry and other technological developments that made travel and communication easier. Army units include people from all over the country, and they quickly trade songs, instruments, and techniques. War is the impetus for the creation of typical American songs that became and remain very popular. The most popular songs of the Civil War era include "Dixie", written by Daniel Decatur Emmett. The song, originally titled "Dixie's Land", was made for the closing of a singer's performance; it spread to New Orleans first, where it was published and became "one of the great song successes of the Pre-Civil War period". In addition to popular patriotic songs, the Civil War era also produced brilliant ribbon pieces of brass.
After the Civil War, the singer's musical performances became the first form of American musical expression. Minstrel performances are the original form of American entertainment consisting of comic plays, various acts, dances, and music, usually performed by white people with black faces. Minstrel performances use African American elements in musical performances, but only in a simplified way; the storyline in the show depicts black people as slaves and naturally born fools, before finally being associated with abolisionism. The singer's performances were created by Daniel Decatur Emmett and Virginia Minstrels. The Minstrel show produced the first famous songwriter famous in American music history: Thomas D. Rice, Daniel Decatur Emmett, and, most famously, Stephen Foster. After the minstrel show, fading popularity, coon songs, similar phenomena, became popular.
Composer John Philip Sousa is closely associated with the most popular trends in American popular music before the beginning of the 20th century. Formerly a US Marines Bandmaster, Sousa wrote military parades like "Stars and Lines Forever" that reflect "nostalgia for home and country", giving melodies "cruel characters that move".
At the beginning of the 20th century, American music theater was the main source for popular songs, many of which influenced blues, jazz, country, and other popular music styles. The development center for this style is in New York City, where the Broadway theaters are one of the city's most famous places. Song composers and lyricists like brothers George and Ira Gershwin create a unique American theater style that uses American vernacular speech and music. Musical displays of popular songs and fast plots that often revolve around love and romance.
Blues and gospel
Blues is a genre of African American folk music that forms the basis for many popular modern American music. Blues can be seen as part of a series of musical styles such as country, jazz, ragtime, and gospel; although each genre evolves into different forms, their origins are often unclear. Early forms of blues flourished in and around the Mississippi Delta in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Earliest blues music mainly calls and responds to vocal music, without harmony or accompaniment and without formal musical structures. Slaves and their descendants created the blues by adapting the shouts and field hollers, turning them into passionate solo songs. When mixed with Christian spiritual songs from African American churches and revival meetings, the blues form the basis of gospel music. The modern gospels began in African-American churches in the 1920s, in the form of worshipers proclaiming their faith in an improvised and often musical way (testifying). Composers like Thomas A. Dorsey compose works of the gospel that use blues and jazz elements in traditional hymns and spiritual songs.
Ragtime was originally a piano style, featuring rhythm and syncopation chromaticisms. This is primarily a form of dance music that utilizes running bass, and generally consists in the form of a sonata. Ragtime is a smooth and evolving form of African cakewalk dance, mixed with styles ranging from European parades and popular songs to jigs and other dances played by African American bands in the northern towns during the late 19th century. The most famous ragtime player and composer is Scott Joplin, who is known for his works such as "Maple Leaf Rag".
Blues became part of American popular music in the 1920s, when classic blues female singers like Bessie Smith grew in popularity. At the same time, the record company launched the field of racing music, which is mostly aimed at African American audiences. The most famous of these acts then inspired many popular developments of the blues and blues genres, including legendary delta blues musician Robert Johnson and Blond Willie McTell Blond Piedmont musician. In the late 1940s, however, pure blues were only a small part of popular music, which had been incorporated by branches such as rhythm & amp; blues and newborn rock and roll styles. Some electric, piano-driven blues styles, like boogie-woogie, retain a large audience. The blues style of the gospel also became popular in America in the 1950s, led by singer Mahalia Jackson. The blues genre underwent a major revival in the 1950s with Chicago blues musicians such as Muddy Waters and Little Walter, as well as in the 1960s in the British Invasion and the rise of American folk music when blues musicians such as Mississippi John Hurt and Reverend Gary Davis were rediscovered. The blues blues musicians of this period had tremendous influence on rock musicians like Chuck Berry in the 1950s, as well as on the blues and blues of the British rock scene of the 1960s and 1970s, including Eric Clapton in England and Johnny Winter in Texas.
Jazz
Jazz is a type of music characterized by swung and blue tones, vocal calls and responses, polyrhythms and improvisations. Although originally a type of dance music, jazz has become a major part of popular music, and has also become a major element of Western classical music. Jazz has roots in Western African cultural and musical expressions, and in African American music tradition including blues and ragtime, as well as European military band music. Early Jazz is strongly associated with ragtime, which can be distinguished by the use of more complicated rhythmical improvisation. The earliest jazz bands adopted much of the blues vocabulary, including bowed and blue notes and instrumental and smiling "growls" instead of being used on European instruments. Jazz roots come from the city of New Orleans, Louisiana, inhabited by Cajun and black Creoles, which combine French-Canadian Cajun culture with their own musical style in the 19th century. The large Creole bands played for funerals and parades became the main foundation for early jazz, spreading from New Orleans to Chicago and other northern urban centers.
Although jazz has long achieved limited popularity, Louis Armstrong became one of the first popular stars and a major force in the development of jazz, along with his pianist friend Earl Hines. Armstrong, Hines, and their colleagues are improvisations, capable of creating many variations on one melody. Armstrong also popularized scat singing, an improvised vocal technique in which an unreasonable syllable (vocable) was sung. Armstrong and Hines had an effect on the emergence of a big band of jazz pop called swing . The swing is characterized by a strong rhythm section, usually consisting of double bass and drums, moderate to fast tempo, and rhythmic devices such as swung notes, which are common to most jazz. The swing is primarily a jazz mix of the 1930s that blends with blues and Tin Pan Alley elements. Swing uses bands larger than any other type of jazz, leading to bandleaders that strictly manage non-improvisational material, which was previously an integral part of jazz. The swing became a major part of African American dance, and came to be accompanied by a popular dance called the swing dance.
Jazz influenced many players from all major styles of popular music later, though jazz itself was never again a major part of American popular music as it was during the swing era. The American jazz scene of the 20th century later, produced several popular crossover stars, such as Miles Davis. In the mid-20th century, jazz evolved into various subgenres, beginning with bebop. Bebop is a form of jazz that is characterized by fast tempos, improvisations based on harmonic structures rather than melodies, and a flat fifth usage. Bebop developed in the early and mid 1940s, then developed into a style like hard bop and free jazz. Style innovators include Charlie Parker and Dizzy Gillespie, who emerged from a small jazz club in New York City.
Country music
Country music is primarily a blend of African American and spiritual blues with Appalachian folk music, adapted for pop audiences and popularized from the 1920s. The country's origins are in the countryside of Southern folk music, which is mainly Irish and English, with African music and continental Europe. Anglo-Celtic tones, dance music, and balladry are the earliest predecessors of the modern state, which came to be known as hillbilly music. The early hills also borrowed blues elements and drew more aspects of the 19th century pop songs when hillbilly music evolved into a commercial genre that eventually became known as country and west and then only country . The earliest state instrumentation revolves around a European-derived violin and a banjo from Africa, with a guitar later added. String instruments such as ukulele and steel guitars became commonplace due to the popularity of Hawaiian music groups in the early 20th century.
The roots of commercial country music are usually traced back to 1927, when music talent scout Ralph Peer recorded Jimmie Rodgers and The Carter Family. Popular success is very limited, although small demand drives some commercial recordings. After World War II, there was an increasing interest in special styles such as country music, resulting in some big pop stars. The country's most influential musician of that era was Hank Williams, a country bluesy singer from Alabama. He is still famous as one of the greatest country music writers and singers, regarded as a "folk poet" with "proud pride" and "the sympathy of the working class." Throughout the decade, tonk honk roughness gradually eroded when Nashville's voice grew more pop-oriented. Producers like Chet Atkins create Nashville sounds by stripping elements of the hills from instrumentation and using fine instrumentation and advanced production techniques. Finally, most of the footage from Nashville uses this style, which begins to include strings and choruses.
In the early 1960s, however, the sounds of Nashville have been considered too much facilitated by many traditionalist performers and fans, resulting in a number of local scenes such as the sound of Bakersfield. However, some artists retain popularity, such as the old cultural icon Johnny Cash. Bakersfield's voice began in the mid to late 1950s when players like Wynn Stewart and Buck Owens began using elements of Western rock and swing, like breakbeats, in their music. In the 1960s players like Merle Haggard popularized the sound. In the early 1970s, Haggard was also part of a country of criminals, alongside singer-songwriters like Willie Nelson and Waylon Jennings. The country of criminals is oriented to rock and lyrics that focus on the players' criminal antics, in contrast to the country singers who are clean of the sounds of Nashville. In the mid-1980s, country music charts were dominated by pop singers, in addition to the revival of honky-tonk-style country with the emergence of players like Dwight Yoakam. The 1980s also saw the development of alternative countries like Uncle Tupelo, who opposed a more pop-oriented style of the mainstream country. In the early 2000s, the country's rock-oriented action remained one of the best-selling artists in the United States, notably Garth Brooks.
R & amp; B and soul
R & amp; B, an abbreviation for rhythm and blues , is a style that appeared in the 1930s and 1940s. Initial R & amp; B consists of a large rhythm unit "smashing away at the back shouting the blues singer (who) had to shout to be heard above the clang and picking from various electric instruments and rhythmic rotating parts". R & amp; B is not widely recorded and promoted because the record company feels that it is not suitable for most audiences, especially middle-class whites, due to suggestive lyrics and driving rhythms. Bandleaders like Louis Jordan innovate early sound R & amp; B, using bands with small horn sections and a prominent rhythm instrumentation. By the late 1940s, he had had several hits, and helped pave the way for contemporaries like Wynonie Harris and John Lee Hooker. Many of the songs R & amp; The most popular B is not done in the meandering style of Jordan and its contemporaries; instead they were performed by white musicians like Pat Boone in a more comfortable mainstream style, which became popular. However, in the late 1950s, there was a wave of popular black blues rock and R & B-influenced country like Chuck Berry gained unprecedented fame among white listeners.
Soul music is a combination of rhythm and blues and gospel that began in the late 1950s in the United States. It is characterized by the use of gospel music devices, with a greater emphasis on vocalists and the use of secular themes. The 1950s record of Ray Charles, Sam Cooke, and James Brown is generally regarded as the beginning of the soul. Charles' Modern Sounds (1962) records a mixture of soul and country music, the soul of the country, and across racial boundaries in music at the time. One of Cook's most famous songs "A Change Is Gonna Come" (1964) became accepted as a classic and national anthem of the American Civil Rights Movement during the 1960s. According to AllMusic, James Brown is critical, through "the fiery rage and vocals of his vocals and the complex polyrhythms of his knocks", in "two revolutions in black American music.He is one of the most responsible figures to change R & B into the psyche and he, most will agree, the most responsible figure for turning soul music into funk from the late 60s and early 70s. "The Motown Record Corporation of Detroit, Michigan became very successful during the beginning and mid-1960s by releasing soul recordings with heavy pop influences to make them suitable for white audiences, allowing black artists to more easily cross into white audiences.
The pure soul was popularized by Otis Redding and other artists from Stax Records in Memphis, Tennessee. In the late 1960s, the recording artist Aretha Franklin had emerged as the most popular female soul star in the country. Also at this time, the soul has been split into several genres, influenced by psychedelic rock and other styles. Social and political anger in the 1960s inspired artists such as Marvin Gaye and Curtis Mayfield to release albums with harsh social commentary, while other variations became dance-oriented music, evolving into funk. Regardless of the previous affinity with politically charged and politically charged lyrical themes, Gaye helped popularize sex and theme music and funk, while recording the 70s, including Let's Get It On (1973) and I Want You (1976) helped develop a calm storm sound and format. One of the most influential albums ever recorded, Sly & amp; Family Stone's Riot Goin 'On (1971) has been considered among the first and best examples of a mature version of funk music, after a prototypical example of sound in previous group work. Artists such as Gil Scott-Heron and The Last Poets practice an eclectic mix of poetry, jazz-funk and soul, displaying critical political and social comments with afrocentric sentiments. Scott-Heron's proto-rap work, including "The Revolution Will Not Be Served" (1971) and Winter in America (1974), has considerable impact on later hip hop artists, unique with Brian Jackson influenced by neo soul artist.
During the mid-1970s, bands were as slick and commercial as Philly The O'Jays and soul groups with blue eyes, Hall & amp; Oates achieved mainstream success. In the late 1970s, most musical genres, including the psyche, had been affected by the disco. With the introduction of the effects of electro and funk music in the late 1970s and early 1980s, soul music became less raw and more slippery produced, resulting in a musical genre that once again was called R & amp; B , usually distinguished from previous rhythms and blues by identifying them as R & amp; B contemporary.
Contemporary R & amp; B appeared in the 1980s, with pop-dance star Michael Jackson, a funk-dominated Prince singer, and female vocalist waves like Tina Turner and Whitney Houston. Michael Jackson and Prince have been described as the most influential figures in R & amp; B contemporary and popular music due to the use of eclectic elements of various genres. The Prince is largely responsible for creating the voice of Minneapolis: "a combination of horns, guitars, and electronic synthesizers supported by a steady and bouncing rhythm." Jackson's work focuses on balladry dance music or disco-influenced dance; as an artist, he "drew dance music from the disco burst with his 1979 adult solo debut, Off the Wall, combining R & B with rock in Thriller, and introducing stylish steps like a robot and a moonwalk during his career."
Janet Jackson collaborated with former colleagues Prince Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis on his third studio album Control (1986); the second single of the album "Nasty" has been described as the origin of the new jack swing sound, a genre developed by Teddy Riley. Riley's works at Keith Sweat's Make It Last Forever (1987), Guy's Guy (1988), and Bobby Brown Do not Be Cruel (1998 )) create a new jack swinging staple R & amp; B contemporary in the mid-1990s. The new swing jack is the style and trend of vocal music, often featuring verses and tapered drum machines. The crossover appeal of contemporary artists R & amp; B in mainstream mainstream music, including the works of Prince, Michael and Janet Jackson, Whitney Houston, Tina Turner, Anita Baker and The Pointer Sisters became a turning point for black artists in the industry, as their success "may be the first clue that cosmopolitanism the larger of the world market may produce some changes in the style of popular music. "
The use of melisma, the gospel tradition adapted by vocalist Whitney Houston and Mariah Carey will be the cornerstone of the R & amp; B contemporary that began in the late 1980s and throughout the 1990s. Hip hop comes to influence contemporary R & amp; B later in the 1980s, first through a new jack swing and then in a series of related subgenres called hip hop soul and neo soul. Hip hop soul and neo soul were developed later, in the 1990s. Characterized by the works of Mary J. Blige and R. Kelly, the first is a mixture of R & amp; B contemporary with hip hop beats, while images and themes of rap gangsta may exist. The latter is a more experimental, edgier, and generally less mainstream combination of 1960s and 1970s soul vocals with hip hop influences, and has gained some mainstream recognition through D'Angelo's work, Erykah Badu, Alicia Keys, and Lauryn Hill. The critically acclaimed album by D'Angelo Voodoo (2000) has been recognized by music writers as a masterpiece and the foundation of the neo soul genre.
Rock, metal, and punk
Rock and roll developed from country, blues, and R & amp; B. Origin and early influences Rock has been fiercely debated, and is the subject of many scholarships. Though appropriate in the blues tradition, rock takes on elements from Afro-Caribbean and Latin music techniques. Stone is an urban style, formed in areas where diverse populations produce a mixture of African American, Latin and European genres ranging from blues and country to polka and zydeco. Rock and roll first entered popular music through a style called rockabilly , which united newborn sounds with elements of country music. The previous black-rock and roll had limited mainstream success, but it was the white player Elvis Presley who first attracted mainstream audiences with black music styles, became one of the best-selling musicians in history, and brought rock and roll to audiences all over world.
The 1960s saw some important changes in popular music, especially rock. Many of these changes occurred through the British Invasion where bands like The Beatles, The Who, The Rolling Stones, became very popular and had profound effects on American culture and music. These changes include the displacement of professionally-made songs for singers-aongwriter, and the understanding of popular music as an art, not a form of pure commerce or entertainment. This change led to the emergence of a musical movement connected to political goals, such as the American Civil Rights Movement and opposition to the Vietnam War. Rock is at the forefront of this change.
In the early 1960s, rocks gave birth to several subgenres, beginning with surfing. Surf is an instrumental guitar genre that is characterized by distorted sound, related to the culture of Southern California teens surfing. Inspired by the lyrical surfing focus, The Beach Boys began recording in 1961 in an elaborate, pop-friendly, and harmonious voice. As their popularity grew, songwriter The Beach Boys, Brian Wilson experimented with new studio techniques and became associated with his match. Contra culture is a movement that embraces political activism, and is closely related to the hippie subculture. The hippies are associated with folk rock, country rock, and psychedelic rock. Folk and country rock are associated with a revival of politicized folk music, led by Pete Seeger and others, especially on the stage of Greenwich Village music in New York. Folk rock entered the mainstream in the mid-1960s, when singer-songwriter Bob Dylan started his career. AllMusic editor Stephen Thomas Erlewine attributed the Beatles' shift toward introspective songwriting in the mid-1960s to Bob Dylan's influence at the time. He was followed by a number of country-rock bands and soft-folk singers-songwriters. Psychedelic rock is a hard rock-based rock type, very closely related to the city of San Francisco. Although Jefferson Airplane was the only local band to have a major national hit, the Grateful Dead, a country jam band and bluegrass-flavored, became an iconic part of a psychedelic rival, linked to hippies, LSD and other symbols of that era. Some say that the Grateful Dead is really an American patriotic rock band ever; shaping and shaping the culture that defines Americans today.
Following the volatile political, social and musical changes of the 1960s and early 1970s, rock music varies. What was previously a discrete genre known as rock and roll evolved into a catchall category called just rock music, which came to include styles like heavy metal and punk rock. During the 1970s most of these styles evolved in the underground music world, while the mainstream audience began this decade with a wave of singer-songwriters drawing on the highly emotional and personal lyrics of the 1960s folk rock. The same period witnessed the emergence of rock band arena bombastic, Southern blues rock group and soft soft rock stars. Beginning in the late 1970s, rock singer and songwriter Bruce Springsteen became a major star, with anthemic songs and incomprehensible and incomprehensible lyrics that celebrated the poor and the working class.
Punk is a form of rebel rock that started in the 1970s, and is hard, aggressive, and often very simple. Punk started as a reaction to popular music of the time, especially the disco and the rock arena. American bands in the field include, most famously, The Ramones and Talking Heads, the latter playing a more avant-garde style that is closely tied to punk before it evolves into a new wave of mainstream. Other major acts include Blondie, Patti Smith, and Television. In the 1980s some punk and band fans became disenchanted with the growing popularity of style, resulting in a more aggressive style called hardcore punk. Hardcore is a rare form of punk, comprised of short, fast, and intense songs that speak to disgruntled youth, with influential bands such as Bad Religion, Bad Brains, Black Flag, Dead Kennedys and Minor Threat. Hardcore started in big cities like Washington, D.C., although most of the major American cities had their own local scene in the 1980s.
Hardcore, punk, and garage rock are the roots of alternative rock, the subgroup of various subgenres of rock explicitly opposed to mainstream music, and which arise from punk and post-punk styles. In the United States, many cities are developing local alternative rock scenes, including Minneapolis and Seattle. Seattle's local scene produces grunge, dark and reflective music inspired by hardcore, psychedelia, and alternative rock. With the addition of more melodic elements to the sound of bands like Nirvana, Pearl Jam, Soundgarden, and Alice in Chains, grunge became very popular throughout the United States in 1991. Three years later, bands like Green Day, The Offspring, Rancid, Bad Religion, and NOFX became the mainstream hit (with their respective new albums Dookie , Smash , Let's Go , Foreign from Fiction and Punk in Drublic ) and bringing the California punk scene scene around the world.
Heavy metal is characterized by aggressive, rhythmic driving, reinforced and distorted guitars, magnificent lyrics, and virtuoso instrumentation. The origins of heavy metal lie in hard rock bands that take blues and rock and create heavy sounds built on guitars and drums. Most of the pioneers in the field are British; the first major American bands came in the early 1970s, such as Blue ÃÆ'-yster Cult, KISS, and Aerosmith. However, heavy metals remain an underground phenomenon. During the 1980s the first major pop-metal style emerged and dominated the charts for several years beginning with the Quiet Riot metal action and dominated by bands like MÃÆ'¶tley CrÃÆ'¼e and Ratt; these are glam metal, hard rock and pop fusion with a hoarse spirit and visual aesthetics that are influenced by glam. Some of these bands, such as Bon Jovi, became international stars. The Guns N 'Roses band rose to prominence near the end of the decade with images that were a reaction to the glam metal aesthetic.
In the mid-1980s, heavy metal had branched out in different directions so that fans, record companies, and fanzines created many subgenres. The United States is mainly known for one of these subgenres, thrash metal, which was innovated by bands such as Anthrax, Metallica, Megadeth, Slayer, Testament, Exodus, Nuclear Assault, Death Angel, Mono Men, The DT's, OFF !, and Overkill, with Metallica being the most commercially successful. The United States was known as one of the birthplace of Death Metal during the mid to late 1980s. The Florida scene is the most famous, featuring bands like Death, Morbid Angel, Deicide, Cannibal Corpse, Malevolent Creation, Obituary, and many others. Now there are countless death metal bands all over the country.
Hip hop
Hip hop is a cultural movement, in which music is part of it. The hip hop music for the most part itself consists of two parts: rap, fast, rhythmic, and lyrical vocal delivery; and DJing and/or production, the production of instrumentation by sampling, instrumentation, turntablism, or beatboxing, the production of musical sound through tone of voice. Hip hop emerged in the early 1970s in The Bronx, New York City. Jamaican immigrant DJ Kool Herc is widely regarded as a hip hop ancestor; he brings with him from Jamaica, the practice of roasting the rhythm of popular songs. Emcees originally appeared to introduce soul, funk, and R & amp; B played by the DJ, and to keep the audience vibrant and dancing; Over time, the DJs began isolating percussion songs from the songs (when the rhythm reached a climax), resulting in repeated taps performed by the MCs.
In the early 1980s, there were popular hip-hop songs, and celebrities from the scene, such as LL Cool J, gained major popularity. Other performers experiment with politicized lyrics and social awareness, or combine hip hop with jazz, heavy metal, techno, funk and soul. New styles appeared in the late 1980s, such as alternative hip hop and close jazz rap fusion, pioneered by rappers like De La Soul.
Gangsta rap is a kind of hip hop, most importantly characterized by a lyrical focus on macho sexuality, physical, and dangerous criminal images. Although the origins of rap gangsta can be traced back to the mid-1980s-style Philadelphia Schoolly D and West Coast's Ice-T, the style extends and comes to apply to different regions of the country, to rappers from New York, such as Notorious BIG and groups influential hip hop Wu-Tang Clan, and rappers on the West Coast, such as Too Short and NWA A typical West Coast rapping scene spawned the early 1990s G-funk sound, which incorporated gangsta rap lyrics with a thick and fuzzy sound, often from a 1970s funk sample; the most notable supporters are the 2Pac rapper, Dr. Dre, Ice Cube, and Snoop Dogg. Gangsta rap continued to exert a large presence in American popular music until the late 1990s and early 21st century.
The dominance of the rap gangsta in mainstream hip-hop was replaced in the late 2000s, largely due to the success of mainstream hip-hop artists such as Kanye West. The results of the major published sales competition between the simultaneous release and third photo album of his third alley, Graduation and Curtis , have since been accredited for the decline. The competition resulted in record-breaking sales performance by both albums and the West outsold 50 Cent, selling nearly one million copies of Graduation in the first week alone. Industry observers claim that West's 50th over 50 Cent victory proves that rap music does not have to match the gangsta-rap convention to become commercially successful. West effectively paved the way for a new wave of hip-hop artists, including Drake, Kendrick Lamar and J. Cole, who did not follow hardcore-gangster prints and became an artist selling platinum.
Other niche styles and Latin American music
The American music industry is dominated by large companies that produce, market, and distribute certain types of music. Generally, these companies do not produce, or produce only in very limited quantities, recording in a style that does not attract a very large audience. Small companies often fill vacancies, offering a wide variety of recordings in styles ranging from polka to salsa. Many small music industries are built around core fan bases that may be mostly based in one area, such as Tejano or Hawaiian music, or they may be widespread, such as audiences for Jewish klezmer.
The single largest niche industry is based on Latin music. Latin music has long influenced American popular music, and is a very important part of jazz development. Modern Latin Pop styles include a variety of genres imported from across Latin America, including Colombian cumbia, Puerto Rican reggaeton, and Mexican corridors. Latin popular music in the United States began with a wave of band dance in the 1930s and 1950s. The most popular styles include conga, rumba, and mambo. In the 1950s Perez Prado made famous cha-cha-cha, and the rise of Afro-Cuban jazz opened many ears for the possibility of harmonic, melodic, and rhythmic Latin music. The most famous form of Latin American music is salsa. Salsa combines many styles and variations; this term can be used to describe most of the popular genres that come from Cuba. Specifically, however, the salsa refers to a particular style developed by the mid-1970s groups of New York City immigrants-areas of Cuba and Puerto Rico, and breeds of styles such as salsa romantica of the 1980s. Salsa rhythms is complicated, with multiple patterns played simultaneously. The clave rhythm forms the basis of a salsa song and is used by players as a common rhythmic basis for their own phrases.
Latin American music has long influenced American popular music, jazz, rhythm and blues, and even country music. This includes music from Spanish, Portuguese, and (sometimes) French-speaking Latin American countries and territories.
Today, the American recording industry defines Latin music as a kind of release with most lyrics in Spanish. Artists and mainstream producers tend to feature more songs from Latin artists and it is also more likely that English songs switch to Spanish radio and vice versa.
The United States plays an important role in the development of electronic dance music, especially home and techno, which originated in Chicago and Detroit, respectively.
Today Latin American music has become a term for music performed by Latin regardless of whether it has Latin elements or not. Stories like Shakira, Jennifer Lopez, Enrique Iglesias, Pitbull, Selena Gomez, Christina Aguilera, Gloria Estefan, Demi Lovato, Mariah Carey, Becky G, Paulina Rubio, and Camila Cabello stand out on the pop charts. Iglesias who holds the record for most # 1 on Billboard's Hot Latin Tracks releases a bilingual album, inspired by urban acts. He released two completely different songs to the Latin and pop format at the same time.
Among the Hispanic American musicians who became pioneers in the early stages of rock and roll was Ritchie Valens, who scored several hits, most notably "La Bamba" and Herman Santiago wrote the lyrics to an iconic rock and roll song "Why Do Fools Fall in Love". The songs that became popular in the United States and heard during the Holiday/Christmas season were "Ã,¿DÃÆ'³nde EstÃÆ'¡ Santa Claus?" is a new Christmas song with 12 years (Augie RÃÆ'os) was a hit record in 1959 featuring Mark Jeffrey Orchestra. "Feliz Navidad" by Josà ©  © Feliciano.
Viva Duets is a studio album by Tony Bennett, released in October 2012. The album is sung in English, Spanish and Portuguese; and featuring Latin American singers. The adaptation album was written by Andres Castro, Edgar Barrera, Miguel Bose, Ricardo Arjona, Kany Garcia, ThalÃÆ'a, Franco De Vita, Dani Martin, and Mario Molina Montez. Similor to 1994 Frank Sinatra personally invited Luis Miguel to participate in a duet on the Duets II album. Luis Miguel has been dubbed several times by the press and the media as "Latin Frank Sinatra." Similar to "Come Fly with Me" is a duet song with Luis Miguel and Julio Iglesias "Summer Wind" in the Duets.
Government, politics and law
The United States government regulates the music industry, upholds intellectual property laws, and promotes and collects certain types of music. Under American copyright law, music works, including recordings and compositions, are protected as intellectual property as soon as they are fixed in real form. Copyright holders often register their work with the Library of Congress, which stores material collections. In addition, the Library of Congress has been actively searching for significant cultural and musical materials since the early 20th century, such as sending researchers to record folk music. These researchers include the pioneering American folk song collector Alan Lomax, whose work helped inspire a revival of the mid-20th century. The federal government also funded the National Donation for Arts and Humanities, which allocates grants to other musicians and artists, the Smithsonian Institution, which conducts research and educational programs, and Corporations for Public Broadcasting, which fund nonprofits and television.
Music has long influenced the politics of the United States. Political parties and movements often use music and songs to communicate their ideals and values, and to provide entertainment for political functions. President Henry Harrison's presidential campaign was the first to greatly benefit from music, after which it became standard practice for the lead candidate to use the song to create public enthusiasm. In recent decades, politicians have often chosen theme songs, some of which have become icons; the song "Happy Days Are Here Again", for example, has been associated with the Democratic Party since the 1932 Franklin D. Roosevelt campaign. Since the 1950s, however, music has declined in political interests, replaced by television campaigns with little or no music. Certain musical forms became more closely associated with political protests, especially in the 1960s. Gospel stars such as Mahalia Jackson became important figures in the Civil Rights Movement, while the rise of the American people helped spread the counter-culture of the 1960s and opposed the Vietnam War.
Industry and economy
The American music industry covers a number of areas, from record companies to radio stations and community orchestras. Industrial revenues total about $ 40 billion worldwide, and about $ 12 mi
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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