Refugees from the Syrian Civil War or Syrian refugees are citizens and permanent residents of the Syrian Arab Republic, who have fled their country since the beginning of the Syrian Civil War in 2011 and have seeking asylum in other parts of the world.
By 2016, from the estimated pre-war population of 22 million, the United Nations identifies 13.5 million Syrians in need of humanitarian assistance, of which more than 6 million internally displaced in Syria, and about 5 million are refugees outside Syria. Most of the latter is organized by neighboring countries of Syria. Among Refugee countries and Regional Resilience Plan (3RP), a coordinating platform includes neighboring countries (with the exception of Israel) and Egypt, the UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR) counted 5,165,502 registered refugees, in August 2017. Turkey is the one the largest refugee host country listed with over 3.5 million Syrian refugees. UNHCR counts nearly 1 million asylum seekers in Europe, as of August 2017.
Humanitarian aid for internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Syria and Syrian refugees in neighboring countries is planned largely through UNHCR. By 2016, various countries have made pledges to UNHCR to permanently resettle 170,000 registered refugees.
Video Refugees of the Syrian Civil War
History
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Human rights in Syria under the rule of the Ba'ath Party (continuing since 1963) are considered in very bad condition by international observers and have deteriorated further since 2008. Arab Spring 2010-11 Rebellion in Tunisia, Egypt, Libya, Bahrain and Yemen has inspired great protests in Syria. The Syrian army intervened in March 2011, and the Syrian government's crackdown gradually increased in violence, escalating to major military operations to suppress resistance. In April, hundreds were killed in clashes between the Syrian Army and opposition forces, which included armed protesters and defected soldiers. When Syria descended into civil war, it quickly split into a complex patch of alliances and territories that shifted between the Assad government, rebel groups, the Kurdish majority SDF, and the Salafi jihadist groups (including ISIL). Up to half a million people were killed in the war, including about one hundred thousand civilians.
In May 2011, thousands of people have fled from war to neighboring countries, with larger numbers displaced within Syria itself. As soldiers attacked various locations and fought, the whole village tried to escape, with thousands of refugees a day crossing the border. Another reason for the displacement in the region, often adding to the Syrian Civil War, targeted refugees from the Iraqi Civil War, Kurdish refugees, and Palestinian refugees.
"The Syrian crisis has become the greatest humanitarian emergency in our era, but the world fails to meet the needs of refugees and host countries," UN High Commissioner for Refugees António Guterres said in 2014. UNHCR reported that the total number of refugees worldwide exceeding 50 million for the first time since World War II, largely due to the Syrian civil war.
Development
The number of refugees who crossed the Turkish border reached 10,000-15,000 by mid-2011. More than 5,000 returned to Syria between July and August, while most were transferred to newly built camps that housed 7,600 refugees in November. By the end of 2011, the number of refugees is estimated to be 5,500-8,500 in Lebanon, with about 2,500 registered, about 1,500 registered in Jordan (with possibly thousands more not listed), and thousands have found shelter in Libya.
In April 2012, in the early phase of the uprising of the Syrian Civil War before the April 10 truce under Kofi Annan's peace plan, the UN reported 200,000 or more Syrian residents displaced, 55,000 registered refugees and about 20,000 unregistered. 25,000 registered in Turkey, 10,000 in Lebanon (mostly escaped from combat in Homs, about 10,000 more unregistered), 7,000 in Jordan (with 2,000 more unregulated estimated by UNHCR, 20,000 according to JOHUD and 80,000 arrivals according to Jordanian officials) , 800 in Iraq (400 more not listed). In Syria, there are 100,000 refugees from Iraq, 70,000 more have returned to Iraq.
In mid-2012, when the peace plan failed and the UN for the first time officially proclaimed Syria to be in a state of civil war, the number of registered refugees increased to more than 110,000. More than 2 days in July, 19,000 Syrians fled from Damascus to Lebanon, as internal violence in the city increased. The first Syrian refugees migrated by sea to the EU, a small number of asylum found in various countries such as Colombia. Some refugees were turned away from Jordan. By the end of 2012, UNHCR reported that the number of refugees jumped to more than 750,000 by 135,519 in Turkey; 54,000 in Iraqi Kurdistan and about 9,000 across Iraq; 150,000 in Lebanon 142,000 in Jordan and over 150,000 in Egypt
An estimated 1.5 million Syrians are refugees by the end of 2013. By 2014, a deteriorating humanitarian situation in neighboring Iraq has prompted Iraqi refugees into the north-eastern Syria. By the end of August, the United Nations estimates 6.5 million people have fled in Syria, while more than 3 million people have fled to countries such as Lebanon (1.1 million), Jordan (600,000) and Turkey (800,000).
By early 2015, the EU is struggling to cope with the migrants crisis, its country entering negotiations and heated political debates about closing or strengthening border and quota systems for the resettlement of refugees and migrants from around the world. The body image of a sunken Syrian toddler drifting on the Turkish coast has been a pivotal moment in the refugee crisis and global response. The national debate and media coverage of the Syrian refugee crisis rose sharply, bringing great attention to the human cost of the Syrian Civil War, the responsibility of the host country, the pressure of forcing refugees to migrate from their host countries, people smuggling, and the responsibilities of all three countries to resettle refugees.
In the same year in Turkey, Lebanon, Jordan, Iraq and Egypt, the Regional Refugee and Resilient Plan (3RP) was launched to better coordinate humanitarian assistance between UNHCR, government and NGOs. On the other hand, countries that accommodate the largest number of refugees also introduced a number of restrictions on new arrivals. Lebanon suspends new enrollment and allows refugees to enter the country only in extreme circumstances. Jordan sealed its border with Syria for much of 2016, due to security concerns over ISIL controls, according to government officials. Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International criticized the Jordanian government for not allowing refugees to enter and suspend aid to informal camps reported on the border. Reports from the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, the National Coalition of the Syrian Revolution and the Opposition Force, Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International emerged in 2016 that Turkish border guards regularly shoot Syrian refugees seeking Turkey, as well, Turkey has forcibly returned thousands of Refugees Syria to war zone since mid-January 2016. Turkey's Foreign Ministry and President Erdo deny it.
In 2017, while the conflict in Syria and the reasons for the move continue, only a few Syrians can leave it, due to tighter border management by neighboring countries. In the first half of 2017, an estimated 11 million displacements were recorded and some 250,000 more refugees have been registered in neighboring countries, but it is difficult to estimate how many of them crossed the border recently. In the same period, about 50,000 applications of asylum were first made by Syrians in Europe, and about 100,000 new third-country settlements are planned for 2017.
Restore
By mid-2017, an estimated 260,000 refugees return to Syria since 2015 and more than 440,000 internally displaced people return to their homes, search for families, inspect properties and, in some cases, due to increased security in some parts of the country. Syria's foreign minister asked the country's refugees to return home. However, UNHCR states that conditions in Syria remain unsafe and impoverished, improvements in many areas are uncertain and many basic services are absent; Access to aid convoys is also a challenge. Fewer than half of those who return have access to water or health services, due to the very damaged infrastructure. It is estimated that 10 percent end up as internally displaced once again.
The overall situation
Most refugees live below the poverty line (eg in 2016 in Lebanon most households are under $ 85 per capita per month, in southeastern Turkey, 90% below $ 100 and 70% below $ 50 per capita per month ). Average per capita monthly expenditure is estimated in 2015-2016 at $ 104 in Lebanon and $ 55 in southeast Turkey. Half unemployment and low wages are widespread. Many rely on less sustainable sources, food vouchers, take credit or borrow money mostly from friends and relatives, less often from shops and rarely from landlords (eg, in Lebanon 90% of households are in debt, average $ 850, in southeast Turkey more than half have debt, a few hundred dollars on average). Therefore, refugees face difficulties in accessing services and providing food, housing, health care and other basic needs to their families. Most refugees receive information about IDPs via SMS (eg 91% of Lebanese registered households) and many use smartphones (in Lebanon, two thirds of households report using Whatsapp).
Sheltered
Refugees live primarily in the host community, in rented houses or informal settlements tents and sub-standard dwellings. Only about 10% live in official camps. In Lebanon, 85% pay rent, 71% live in residential buildings (ordinary apartments or in micro apartments designed for building guards/superintendent), 12% in non-residential structures (workplaces, garages, shops) and 17% in informal tent settlements; a quarter of the houses are overcrowded (less than 4.5 square meters per person). In southern Turkey, 96% of refugees living outside camps pay rent, 62% live in rented apartments, 28% in unfinished buildings or garages, 1% in tents. Refugees are usually charged higher rates than the locals, especially for substandard conditions (in 2016, in Lebanon, the monthly average starts at $ 53 to keep a tent on the ground up to $ 250 for apartments or homes that are not shared , in southeastern Turkey, about $ 250 for residence that meets SPHERE standards, excluding water and electricity costs). In Lebanon, many households face water shortages and a quarter of the residences are in very poor condition.
Some refugees have a residence permit in Lebanon, mainly because of their costs, creating difficulties at checkpoints while moving on the job search.
Jobs
The opportunity to generate income for refugees is largely informal, especially as the government issues several work permits. Barriers include quotas, fees, long and complicated documents, and discrimination by employers. In Turkey, even after reforms opened the labor market in January 2016, the number of refugees in one workplace can not exceed 10%; employers pay work permit 600 TL ($ 180) every year; while there are exceptions for seasonal jobs, it requires a separate application and still requires registered for at least 6 months. By the end of 2015 at most several thousand licenses have been issued, the refugees are thus employed informally. The work is often seasonal and the level of work is very different between winter and summer. In May 2016 in Lebanon, 36% of working-age individuals (70% male, 7% female) reported work (at least one day within 30 days before the survey). Among them, underemployment expanded (working an average of 14 days in a month) and low wages (on average $ 215 for male workers and $ 115 for working women). The job structure is 33% construction, 22% agriculture, 26% service, 6% retail/shop, 6% cleaning.
Some Syrian refugees have used prostitution as a means of survival, especially among women and girls. There is increasing concern about the exploitation of women refugees.
UNHCR has a policy to help refugees work and be productive, using their existing skills to meet their own needs and needs from the host country:
- Ensure refugee rights to access employment and other livelihood opportunities as they are available to citizens... Match intervention programs with appropriate levels of livelihood capacity (existing livelihood assets such as previous work skills and experience) and needs identified in populations of refugees, and market demands... Help the refugees to become self-reliant. Cash/food/rental assistance sent through humanitarian agencies should be short-term and conditional and gradually lead to independence activities as part of long-term development... Organizing internal and external stakeholders around the results of livelihood assessment to jointly identify opportunities livelihood support.
Maps Refugees of the Syrian Civil War
US public opinion
Since the Syrian refugee crisis, Americans have formulated opinions on how to handle the refugee crisis. In a CNN/ORC poll conducted in November 2015 in response to the question "Do you support or oppose allowing refugees from Syria to seek asylum in the United States?... Do you support/oppose it strongly or little?" 16% supportive, 22% somewhat supportive, 18% somewhat opposed, 43% strongly opposed, and 1% unsure. The poll shows that before the onset of the Crisis of Refugees people are more opposed to Syrian refugees who take asylum in the United States. The poll was conducted again in 2017, January 31 st to February 2 nd , responding to the same question. In this poll, 25% of people are very supportive, 29% somewhat supportive, 18% somewhat opposed, 27% strongly opposed, and 2% unsure of margin of error plus or minus 3. This poll shows that Americans are quite divided in issues allowing Syrian refugees to the United States by 2017 and that more people change their opinion from 2015 to be more supportive of letting the Syrian refugees.
In the Academic Journal of Duke University Law School, Suman Momin wrote an article entitled Human Rights Based Approach to Refugees: A View of the Syrian Refugee Crisis and Responses from Germany and the United States . Momin lays out the most common moral and intrinsic arguments affecting citizens' opinions on refugee issues such as the Syrian Refugee Crisis. Momin introduces the argument of "Good Samaritan", the argument of protection, and the argument of political responsibility. The Good Samaritan argument states that people support helping non-citizen refugees as long as they believe that by helping, their own country will not sacrifice anything. The protection argument stems from the idea that people care about the rights and lives of others. This argument means that people pay attention to emotional debates that use photos of refugees or play on emotional connections, making people want to protect or save refugees. Finally, the argument of political responsibility states that people are more willing to help when they think of giving aid or letting the refugees by promoting their own country politically. Where the Americans stand for these moral reasons influences their opinions on foreign policy issues against Syrian refugees.
In the poll of Quinnipiac University from February 16 th to 21 February st 2016, responding to the question "Do you support or oppose accepting Syrian refugees to the US?", 74% Democrats and 43 % of Independent supports Syrian refugees coming to the US while only 13% of Republicans are in favor. 82% of Republicans opposed Syrian refugees coming to the US, 51% of Independents and 22% of Democrats. 4% to 5% of people on either side have no answer. The poll has a margin of error of plus or minus 2.9. The poll shows that Ddemocrats largely supports Syrian refugees entering the US while Republicans are largely opposed and consider margin of error, Independent is completely divided on this issue. In another poll taken by Gallup on 30 January th and 31 st in 2017 Gallup asked people "Thinking now about some specific actions that Donald Trump has taken since he in the office, would you say you approve or disapprove of the indefinite suspend of the Syrian refugee program of the United States? 32% of people approve of the Trump action to suspend Syrian refugee programs 62% of people are not approved and 6% of people are unsure. There is a plus or minus 4 error margin in this poll. This public opinion poll shows how American opinion is changing and how they will respond to questions about Syrian refugees.
Internally displaced people in Syria
More than half of the people who fled the war moved only within the territory of Syria itself. While the legal definition of "refugees" does not apply to them, they are often referred to as such. The term internally displaced persons (IDPs) is used to distinguish them, with "(forced) displaced persons" applicable to both groups. UNHCR estimates that 7 million people in Syria are internally displaced or in need of humanitarian assistance, by 2017. Most live in homes, often badly damaged by the war.
Due to security concerns, poor access to areas of need and uncertainty, humanitarian efforts are directed at emergency aid. The complexity of administrative procedures and the limited capacity of NGOs allowed to operate in Syria is also called a challenge for assistance.
Shelter assistance for internally displaced persons is coordinated primarily by the Global Shelter Cluster (led by UNHCR, IFRC and the Syrian Local Administration Ministry). No official camps were established, but some public buildings were rehabilitated as collective short-term shelters. For example, out of 90,000 people from the eastern Aleppo registered by the UN, most live in homes, but 4,250 remain in Jibreen's collective shelter, in January 2017. More people are targeted by aid programs to improve unfinished buildings and from the distribution of winterization and shelter kits (blankets, light construction materials, tools, etc.). Just because recently the situation allows for a more durable solution: full long-term rehabilitation of damaged homes to basic living conditions, light infrastructure improvements and legal aid. In 2016, collective shelters were rehabilitated for 24,000 people, kits distributed to 26,000 people, 40,000 benefited from increased private buildings, 12,000 from long-term home improvements, and 5,000 from basic infrastructure improvements.
UNRWA estimates that 450,000 Palestinian refugees remain in Syria, of which up to 280,000 people are displaced, and an estimated 43,000 are trapped in hard-to-reach locations. Some have continued to evacuate several times as a result of armed violence. In addition, 120,000 fled to neighboring countries. Until 2011, UNRWA provides services in 12 camps run by the Syrian authorities, including Homs and Yarmouk. Many suffered extensive damage and were forced to move due to armed conflict. PA President Mahmoud Abbas contacted the UN Secretary General about the situation, and the latter tried to broker a deal with Israel to allow Palestinian refugees living in Syria to resettle in the West Bank and Gaza. However, when Israel agrees, on condition that they submit any future appeals to return to the country, Abbas rejects it and says "it is better they die in Syria than give [this request] up". Until January 2017, UNRWA manages 9 shelters with around 2,600 Palestinian refugees and provides cash, food and non-food items for much more.
In Refugee countries and Regional Resilience Plan
The Refugee and Resilience Plan (3RP) is a coordinated effort between Jordan, Lebanon, Turkey, Iraq (neighboring Syria), Egypt, and UN agencies with NGOs including UNHCR and 240 partners. It describes itself as a "strategic document, coordination platform, advocacy tool, and funding appeal". 3RP has begun at the break of 2015/2016, replacing previous Interagency Regional Response Plans and coordinating each country's response plan, with national leadership and ownership as a basic principle, to use the system within the country effectively and avoid parallel creation. It publishes a strategic overview and extensive report on the situation in constituent countries, illustrating especially humanitarian efforts outside Syria. This is directed at food and assistance, access to clean water, formal education for children, primary health care consultations, shelter assistance, and access to wage employment. According to 3RP, funding does not fit with regional needs: only 6 percent of the 2017 Plan has been funded in the first three months, while the 2016 Plan has been funded by 63 percent. 3RP also requested support including commitment to resettlement.
In this region, refugees live mainly in urban, suburban and rural areas, while only about 10 percent live in camps. The majority live below the poverty line. The hosting country faces a burdened infrastructure, both public (eg, water, health, roads) and private (eg, housing), as well as severe export disruption through Syria.
By country
Ã, Egypt - Egypt, which is not bordering Syria, has been a major destination for Syrian refugees since 2012 after Egyptian President Mohamed Morsi's election. During the Morsi presidency, they were estimated between 70,000 and 100,000 Syrian refugees living in the country. The Morsi government seeks to support Syrian refugees by offering residence permits, assistance for finding employment, enabling Syrian refugee children to enroll in state schools and access to other public services.
Following events related to the Egyptian coup of 2013, Syrian refugees living there met Egyptian animosity, accusing them of supporting the Muslim Brotherhood, as the group has close ties with Syrian opposition and Syrian Liberation Army.
The interim government has also tightened visa restrictions for Syrians, which require them to obtain visas and issue security clearance before entering Egypt. Following these steps, at least 476 Syrians were denied entry or deportation from Egypt. A number of flights carrying Syrians have returned from airports in Egypt to where their flights came from, including Damascus and Latakia, Syria. After the post-coup riots in Egypt, many Syrians also made the decision to leave Egypt and settle in Europe instead.
In March 2016, Egypt accommodated 119,665 refugees, an increase of 1,153 refugees from April 2015.
However, a study by the Egyptian foreign ministry estimated that the country has housed about 500,000 Syrian refugees since the start of the conflict. Assistant foreign minister of Egypt Hisham Badr blamed the influx of refugees on the EU-Turkey deal and Egypt has not received enough aid from foreign governments to reduce the influx of refugees, which according to him currently cost the government about 300 million US dollars per year. Egyptian President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi also said that his country received about 500,000 Syrian refugees without "media shows". President al-Sisi said his administration was not abusing refugees, adding that many international organizations stopped accepting refugees, causing an increase in numbers and that his government is still receiving refugees despite Egypt's economic crisis.
In May 2017, the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) and the International Labor Organization (ILO) reported that Syrian refugees have contributed US $ 800 million to the Egyptian economy since the start of the civil war.
In November 2017, President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi passed a decision approving a $ 15 million grant to support Syrian refugees in Egypt.
Jordan - In June 2015, there were 628,427 Syrian refugees registered in Jordan. However, the Jordanian census conducted in November 2015 shows that there are 1.4 million Syrian refugees living in the country, which means that more than 50% of Syrian refugees in Jordan are not registered. A report by the World Bank in 2016 reveals that the entry of Syrian refugees to Jordan has cost the kingdom more than $ 2.5 billion a year amounting to about 6% of Jordan's GDP and about a quarter of the government's annual revenue. The promised international aid has fallen several hundred million dollars from the total cost. This has caused the royal public debt to swell to 95% of GDP by 2016 and has severely crippled its economic growth. The majority of refugees in Jordan live in local communities rather than refugee camps, which have added huge burdens to the country's infrastructure, especially the northern Jordanian towns bordering Syria's borders.
Ã, Lebanon - In October 2016, Lebanon housed 1.5 million Syrian refugees (according to the Lebanese Government's estimates, including 1 million registered with UNHCR), half of them children (below 18 years), along with 31,502 Palestinian Refugees from Syria, 35,000 returning from Lebanon, and an existing population of over 277,985 Palestinian refugees. They constitute a total of 30% of the Lebanese population (estimated at 5.9 million), or 25% for Syrian refugees alone, making Lebanon the country with the highest number of refugees per population. The Lebanese government chose not to set up camps for people fleeing civil war in Lebanon, and thus they have settled throughout the country. While most of them rent their accommodation in about 1,700 locations across the country, almost a fifth (18%) live in informal settlements - mostly concentrated in border areas. As the Lebanese government makes it increasingly difficult for refugees from Syria to renew their residence, the number of households in which all members legally in that country have dropped from 58% in 2014 to 29% by 2015. Refugee households living below the poverty line increasing from 49% in 2014 to 70% by 2015. Families survive by borrowing money whenever they can. The percentage of displaced households with debt jumped from 70% in 2013 to 89% by 2015. Despite their struggling status, the Lebanese Forces Party, the Kataeb Party and the Free Patriotic Movement feared that the country's sectarian-based political system was being undermined.
Tensions are rising in Lebanon as troops invade refugee camps in Arsal by 2014. The Muslim Intellectual Committee condemns what it calls human rights abuses to say 'the collective punishment of Syrian refugees is unjustified,' and called for 'a transparent and impartial investigation into offenses , from burning the camp to the torture of prisoners in Arsal.
Iraq - In February 2016, Iraq accommodated 245,543 refugees, along with 3.2 million Iraqi internally displaced people. Some refugee camps are in northern Iraq. The Iraqi government in Kurdistan is currently hosting Syrian refugees of ethnic Kurds.
Ã, Turkey - In February 2016, Turkey hosted 2,688,686 registered refugees. About 30% live in 22 government-run camps near the Syrian border. Turkey is home to the highest number of Syrian refugees and has provided more than $ 8 billion in aid. Financial assistance from other countries has been limited, although EUR3.2 million has been pledged by the European Union in November 2015. The pledge has not been met. Turkey's response to the refugee crisis is different from most other countries. As reported by the World Bank report: This is a non-camp and government-funded approach, as opposed to directing refugees to camps that depend on humanitarian aid agencies for support.
Under Turkish law, Syrian refugees can not apply for resettlement but only temporary protection status. Sign up for protection status while granting access to state services such as health and education, as well as the right to apply for work permits in specific geographical and professional areas. More than a third of urban refugees are not registered. Currently, 30% of Syrian refugee children have access to education, 4,000 businesses have been opened, and several Syrian refugee camps have grown into small towns with facilities from health care to barber shops. More than 13 million Syrians receive help from the Turkish Aid Agency (AFAD). Turkey has spent more than any other country on Syrian refugee aid, and has also been criticized for opening a refugee camp on the Syrian side of the border. Syrian Christians have been allowed to return to their historic homeland on the Abdin Tour of Turkey. Up to 300,000 Syrian refugees living in Turkey can be granted citizenship under a plan to make the rich and educated Syrian citizens of the country. A study supported by the University of Istanbul Scientific Research Unit and conducted by academics from a number of universities, revealed that most Syrian residents in Turkey are employed in unregistered jobs for much lower wages than their Turkish counterparts.
Human rights groups have repeatedly criticized Turkish troops for firing on civilians trying to cross the border since early 2016. According to the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, a total of 163 refugees, including 15 women and 31 children, were allegedly killed in August 2017 Physical torture and public humiliation by soldiers have also been reported. Similar allegations were made by Human Rights Watch, the National Coalition of the Syrian Revolution and the Opposition Forces, and Amnesty International, who also claimed that Turkey had forcibly returned thousands of Syrian refugees to war zones since January 2016. Turkish authorities denied the claim but arrested several soldiers on August 2017 after a video emerged from those who abused some young Syrian men who tried to cross the border illegally into the country.
On May 18, 2016, MPs from the European Parliament Subcommittee on Human Rights (DROI) have said that Turkey should not use Syrian refugees as a bribe for the process of visa liberalization for Turkish citizens within the EU.
A factory producing fake lifejackets, made for migrants who want to cross the Aegean Sea to Greece, is found in Turkey. Police arrested more than 1,200 fake lifejackets at a factory in Izmir, and arrested four workers including two young Syrian girls. The raid took place in the same week with the bodies of more than 30 people cleaning up on the Turkish coast, after sinking in their efforts to reach Greece. Following a multibillion-euro deal agreement between the EU and Turkey, Turkish police have slightly stepped up their operations against people engaged in smuggling businesses more broadly.
On June 3, 2016, a Turkish cleanser, Mahmutcan Ate ?, who worked at Nizip Camp in Gaziantep, Turkey, was sentenced to 108 years in prison for sexual harassment of Syrian children. He did not deny the allegations, but said many employees and managers at the camp were involved. He also admitted that he paid children about 2-5 Turkish lira ($ 0.70- $ 1.70) before attacking them in the toilet, his victims aged between 8 to 12 years.
In other Middle Eastern countries
The response of Saudi Arabia and other Muslim countries to the refugee crisis is under the watchful eye of the media. Claims are made that these countries do not accept Syrian refugees, while other media report that these countries are granting family visas and reunification extensions for Syrian residents who can not return home. Saudi officials claim that the Kingdom has given shelter between 100,000 and 2.5 million Syrians, although these numbers are widely debated.
By country
Ã, Armenia - The Government offers several protection options including simplified naturalization by Armenian descent (19,500 Armenian citizens), speed up the asylum procedure and facilitate short, medium and long-term permits stay futures. Ethnic Armenians in Syria have fled to their historic land in Armenia. The Cilician School was established to provide special education for Syrian-Armenian refugee children with support from the governments of Kuwait and Austria.
In January 2017, there were 22,000 refugees, mainly ethnic Armenians in the country. In addition 38 other Armenian families (about 200 people) resettled in the independent Republic of Nagorno-Karabakh in 2014. 50 Yazidi families (about 400 people) also found refuge in Armenia. Armenia is home to the Yazidi community, currently numbering 35,000.
Bahrain refused reports from Bahrain's opposition that they were trying to change the demographics of the country by naturalizing Syrians.
Israel - Israel has borders with the Syrian Golan Heights (disputed). In 2012, Israel announces preparations to accommodate Syrian Alawite refugees in the Golan Heights, if the Syrian government collapses. However, following the crisis of European migrants by 2015, the current government refuses to offer resettlement sites to refugees. Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said: "We will not let Israel be submerged by waves of illegal immigrants and terrorist activists." The Israelis from humanitarian groups have been operating in Jordan to help the Syrian refugees who have fled to it. In March 2015, nearly 2,000 Syrian citizens who were wounded in the Syrian Civil War were hospitalized in Israel. In January 2017, the Israeli interior ministry announced that it would resettle about 100 unaccompanied Syrian refugee children. They will be granted temporary residence status and will have full rights, even though they will not accept Israeli passports. The report also said that the Israeli government was even willing to pledge to the UN that after four years, resettled refugees would be given permanent shelter - allowing them to stay in Israel for a lifetime.
Iran - In early 2014 Iran has sent 150 tons of humanitarian goods including 3,000 tents and 10,000 blankets to Red Crescents of Jordan, Iraq and Lebanon by road to be distributed among Syrian refugees located in three countries.
Ã, Kuwait - Kuwait has about 120,000 Syrians. More specifically, Kuwait extended residence permits for Syrian expatriates who had overstayed in Kuwait.
Saudi Arabia - Saudi Arabia has offered resettlement only to Syrian migrants who have families in the kingdom, and has an estimated number of Syrian migrants and 100,000 foreign workers living with their families and has sent a $ 280 million aid to help Syrian refugees. Saudi Arabia, like all Gulf states, was not a signatory to the United Nations Refugee Convention in 1951. According to Saudi officials, Saudi Arabia has issued residence permits for 100,000 Syrians. The BBC reports that "the majority of successful cases are Syrians in the Gulf countries extending their stay, or those who enter because they have family there." Amnesty International reports that Saudi Arabia does not actually offer a special resettlement for refugees. They are not classified as refugees.
In Europe
In August 2012, Syrian refugees first migrated by sea to the EU.
Under the Dublin Rules, an asylum applicant in one EU country, should be returned to that country, if they try to migrate to another EU country. Hungary was burdened in 2015 by asylum applications during the European Migrant Crisis, until on 23 June refused to allow any further applicants to be returned by other EU countries. Germany and the Czech Republic suspended the Dublin Regulations for Syria and began processing their asylum applications directly. On September 21, the minister of interior and interior ministers approved a plan to receive and distribute 120,000 asylum seekers (not just Syrians) across the EU. The Czech Republic, Hungary, Romania and Slovakia opposed the plan and Finland abstained. Poor countries express concerns about the economic and social costs to absorb large numbers of refugees. Rich countries embrace ethnic diversity and are able to offer more humanitarian aid.
A large number of refugees crossed into the EU and by mid 2015 there were 313,000 asylum applications across Europe. The largest number is recorded in Germany with over 89,000, and Sweden with more than 62,000. More than 100,000 refugees crossed into the EU in July 2015, and in September more than 8,000 refugees crossed into Europe every day, with Syria forming the largest group.
As of December 21, 2015, about 500,000 Syrian refugees have entered Europe, 80 percent arriving by sea, and most of the land in Greece.
On 19 February 2016, Austria imposed restrictions on the number of refugee entries. Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia, and Macedonia announced that only 580 refugees a day would be allowed through their borders. As a result, large numbers of Syrian refugees are trapped in Greece. There is concern that Greece will not be able to cope with the thousands of people stranded in reception centers scattered throughout the mainland and the islands of Lesbos, Kos and Chios.
By country
Austria - By 2015, there are at least 18,000 Syrian refugees expected in Austria. By 2018, there are 48,103 Syrian citizens living in Austria.
Ã, Bulgaria - Bulgaria welcomes refugees when transiting to Germany to apply for refugee status. Bulgaria received 11,080 asylum applications in 2014, 56% of which were made by Syrians and where 94.2% of first decisions were positive for Syrians, making it the country with the highest reception rate in the EU. For the period from January to July 2015, an estimated 9,200 asylum applications to Bulgaria with an average rate of acceptance remain the same as the previous year.
In August 2013, there was a sharp increase of refugees entering Bulgaria. Bulgaria's refugee center is in capacity and the government looks for emergency accommodation and asks the EU and the Red Cross for assistance.
Ã, Czech Republic - In October, the UN's human rights chief claimed the Czech Republic detained migrants in "degrading" and prison-like conditions
Ã, Croatia - Croatia welcomes refugees when transiting to Germany to apply for refugee status. In addition, Croatia, a member state of the EU, shares a land border with Serbia, therefore there is a risk of strong migrant influx from Serbia as Hungary establishes a fence on its border with Serbia. Almost 80% of the border consists of the Danube river, but the problem is 70 kilometers long called "Green Border" near Tovarnik. According to the Minister of Internal Affairs of Croatia Ranko Ostoji? "The police in the area have enough people and equipment to protect the Croatian border against illegal immigrants". Croatia's President Kolinda Grabar-Kitarovi? and First Vice Prime Minister Vesna Pusi? refused the option of building a fence on the Croatian border with Serbia. On September 15, 2015, Croatia began experiencing the first wave of refugees from the Syrian Civil War. "The first Syrian refugees crossed the Croatian-Serbian border, carving out the potential of new routes through Europe after the borders of the Hungarian seal". Croatia closed its border with Serbia on October 19, 2015 due to "tremendous amount".
Ã, Denmark - In September 2015 public concern remained about the arrival of refugees, and shifted to concern over immediate issues surrounding those already in Denmark.
Ã, French - In November 2015, President FranÃÆ'§ois Hollande reaffirmed France's commitment to receiving 30,000 refugees for two years, despite concerns arising from November 2015 attacks in Paris a few days before. His announcement attracted a standing ovation from the meeting of the French mayors.
Ã, Germany - In 2013, Germany received 11,851 asylum requests by Syrians, by 2014 more than triple to 39,332. The German Federal Minister for Home Affairs predicted in March 2015 that some 105,000 Syrian refugees had been accepted by Germany. In June 2015, 161,435 Syrians live in Germany, of which 136,835 have entered after January 2011. After suspending Dublin's rules for Syrian refugees, the number escalated to the point of emphasizing Germany's infrastructure and logistics capabilities. From January to July 2015, the Federal office for migration and refugees received 42,100 asylum requests. Until the end of 2015, the figure reached 158,657. 96% of asylum requests have been approved. An estimated 300,000 Syrian refugees are in the country. German Chancellor Angela Merkel said that "The basic right to asylum for political persecution does not recognize the upper boundary, it also applies to refugees who come to us from civil war hell." German Chancellor Angela Merkel decided to let all Syrians enter the country but had to stop train travel to/from Austria to control the number of arrivals. At Munich's main railway station, thousands of Germans applauded the Syrians when they arrived in September. The German police announced on October 22, 2015 that they had prevented a planned attack on a refugee house in Bamberg by a right-wing extremist group. They also said there had been nearly 600 attacks on refugee homes by 2015, a sharp increase from 2014. In addition, 19-39,000 (depending on forecasts) members of the German right-wing Pegida movement rallied on October 19, 2015 in Dresden against receiving refugees. Approximately 14-20,000 other individuals hold counterrally in the city. Angela Merkel's openness to refugees was criticized and 61% of respondents in INSA polls reported they were unhappy about receiving refugees after the attack.
In September, German customs seized a package of fake Syrian passports that police allegedly sold to non-Syrians seeking asylum in Germany.
Ã, Greece - Greece welcomes refugees when transiting to Germany to apply for refugee status. By 2015, there are 385,525 entrants by sea. It is estimated that only 8% of arrivals (31,000 Syrian refugees) are applying for asylum in Greece, as most transit farther into Europe. 15,000-17.000 refugees have landed on the island of Lesbos in September 2015, bestowing the resources and generosity of the local population. Many refugees also made landings in Agathonisi, Farmakonisi, Kos, Lemnos, Leros, Rhodes, Chios, Samos, Symi, Kastellorizo ​​and other islands near Turkey. Some arrive through the Evros border from Turkey. On 19 February 2016 Austria imposed restrictions on the number of refugees entering the country followed by Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia and Macedonia, of just 580 arrivals a day. As a result, large numbers of Syrian refugees and migrants from other countries are trapped in Greece. On February 22, 2016 at an emergency summit on the migrant crisis in Brussels, it was agreed that there would be 100,000 more rooms in refugee camps. There are also 50,000 spaces in Greece and 50,000 spaces in the created Balkan countries. Given that 2 - 3,000 migrants arrive in Greece daily, 100,000 of these spaces seem inadequate.
On June 18, 2016, UN chief Ban Ki-moon praised Greece for showing "remarkable solidarity and compassion" towards refugees and he also called for international support.
After Turkey's 2016 coup attempt in July 2016, Greek authorities in a number of Aegean Islands have called for emergency measures to reduce the growing influx of refugees from Turkey, the number of migrants and refugees willing to travel across the Aegean has increased sharply. Athletic officials voiced concern that Turkish monitors overseeing a deal in Greece had been abruptly withdrawn after a failed coup with little sign that they were being replaced. The Greek Tourism Business Association (SETE) warned about the prospect of another upheaval in the refugee/migrant crisis due to Turkey's political instability.
Ã, Hungary - Hungary welcomes refugees when transiting to Germany to apply for refugee status. In the summer of 2015, Hungary was severely affected by the migration crisis. In December, Hungary challenged the EU plan to share asylum seekers across European Union countries in the European Court. The border has been closed since September 15, 2015, with barbed wire fences along the southern border, particularly Croatia, and by blocking train travel. The government believes that "illegal migrants" are job seekers, threats to security and are likely to "threaten our culture". There are cases of immigrants and ethnic minorities being attacked. The country has deported refugees, who are generally considered to be allied with ISIL. Refugees are prohibited and almost all of them are issued.
Iceland - Iceland announces it will receive 50 Syrian refugees.
Ã, Italy - In 2013, UNHCR estimates that more than 4,600 refugees arrive in Italy by sea, two thirds of them arriving in August.
Ã, Macedonia - Macedonia welcomes refugees if they do not live permanently in the country and instead go to Germany to apply for refugee status. In the summer of 2015, Macedonia became one of the most affected countries of the migration crisis, along with Hungary, Serbia, Italy and Greece.
Ã, The Netherlands - The government condemns the bombing of the immigrant acceptance center in October 2015. In the small town of Geldermalsen, more than 2,000 immigrants are protested in mid-December 2015.
Ã, Norway - Norway announces it will receive 8,000 refugees from Syria under the UN quota system by the end of 2017.
Ã, Polish -Poland has received 150 mostly Christian refugees. A large Syrian anti-migration/refugee rally took place in Katowice in September 2015. Right, right, and conservative centers won the Parliamentary elections on a platform demanding the cessation of refugee quotas.
Ã, Romania - The European Commission asked Romania to accept 6,351 refugees under the EU quota scheme. Bloomberg News reported that "The Romanian government will ask the EU to give its citizens equal access to Schengen visa-free areas if the bloc's leaders impose a mandatory quota on its members to protect refugees."
Ã, Russia - The Russian government gave $ 24 million to refugees. and granted asylum to over 1,000. About 5,000 refugees have settled in Russia since 2012. Five hundred Christian refugees settled in Sochi. Circassians in Syria have returned to their historic homeland at Circassia. The Chechnya and Ossetian diaspora in Syria also seek to return to their Caucasian homeland.
Serbia Ã, - Serbia welcomes refugees when transiting to Western Europe to apply for refugee status. In August 2015, Vu? I? said that Serbia would do anything to help these people on the way to a better life. He promised more toilets for them, blankets, food, and announced the opening of a temporary reception center in Belgrade during the winter. He also draws comparisons between Syrian refugees and Croatian Serb refugees "who also had to leave their homes 20 years ago", because they consider the Serbs to suffer, they understand the problems facing the refugees.
Ã, Slovenia - Initially, Slovenia welcomes refugees when transiting to Germany to apply for refugee status. However, in September 2015 Slovenia reportedly considered housing as a "up to 10,000" refugee, as well as creating new alleys throughout the country for refugees in response to rising tensions on its border with Croatia.
Slovakia refused to accept refugees from Turkey (almost all Syrians), although in December 2015 it voluntarily received 500 temporary asylum seekers and 149 Christian Assyrian Families coming through Iraq The Slovak government has threatened lawsuits against the EU because of the controversial refugee quota system that requires Slovakia to accept just under 2,300 migrants.
Ã, Sweden - In September 2013, Sweden became the first EU country to grant permanent residency to all asylum seekers, and the right to family reunification, given the deteriorating conditions in Syria. Approximately 8,000 Syrian refugees in Sweden are affected by the verdict. The decision was welcomed, but some warned that it might be a boon for human smuggling operations.
In September 2013, the Swedish migration authorities decided that all asylum seekers would be granted permanent residence permits and the right to bring their families as well. Sweden is the first EU country to make this offer. The number of Syrian citizens living in Sweden under refugee status is 2,943 in 2012, 9755 in 2013, and 18,827 in 2014, summing up a total increase of 31,525 refugees during this period. In addition, another 9,028 Syrians settled in Sweden on the basis of family reunification. In addition, during this period, Sweden has received more than 10,000 stateless people, many of whom are refugees who previously lived in Syria. In October 2015, 38,636 Syrian citizens have applied for asylum applications during 2015.
Switzerland - In March 2012, the United Nations Human Rights Office filed a request to Switzerland to receive some Syrian refugees, and the Swiss government announced that it was considering the request. In March 2015, the Swiss Federal Council set a goal to receive 3,000 Syrian refugees for three years. In September 2015, 5,000 Syrian refugees have received temporary permission to stay in Switzerland, and an additional 2,000 have applied for asylum and are waiting.
United Kingdom - Britain has so far granted asylum to 5,102 refugees who have been actively resettled. The government's attitude has been strongly criticized by human rights groups. In September, the government announced plans to receive 20,000 refugees for 5 years, drawn from refugee camps in Lebanon, Turkey and Jordan. In May 2015, the YouGov poll commissioned by British charity Islamic Relief showed that 42% of respondents said that Britain should not take on foreign nationals who escaped conflict or abuse in their own country, up sharply by 2014. Polls also shows that terrorism is associated with Muslims, with the words "terror", "terrorist" or "terrorism" chosen by 12% of respondents, above other options such as faith (11%), mosque (9%), Qur'an (8% ) and religion (8%). Prime Minister David Cameron describes Syrian refugees coming to Britain as "a bunch", and then says he will not "let anyone into our country". The Foreign Minister also said the refugees were "robbers" around Calais. Amnesty International and opposition party leaders have criticized these statements by the government. On September 4, 2015, Cameron promised that Britain would receive "thousands" of more Syrian refugees. UKIP's Wimbledon candidate Peter Bucklitsch sparked online anger among Twitter users on September 3, 2015 when he declared the deceased Syrian refugee Alan Kurdi "well dressed and well fed," and blamed his parents for the deaths. He declared Aylan dead because his parents were "greedy for a good life in Europe". Prominent figures such as Liberal Democrat leader Tim Farron and former footballer Stan Collymore condemned the statement. She apologized online the next day. A statement a day later contained an apology from Buckslitsch. He described his tweets as "odd" and stated that blaming parents might be "not... the best answer."
In North America
Canada
In July 2013, Canada promised to resettle 1,300 refugees by 2015 and pledge $ 100 million in humanitarian aid. "No more than 10 [refugees have] arrived in Canada" in March 2014, and the government agreed to resettle 11,300 refugees by the end of 2017, and then 10,000 by September 2016. Before the 2015 election, Canada's Liberal Party pledged to bring 25,000 refugees by the end of 2015. After the election, the newly formed Liberal government failed to meet self-imposed deadlines and was transferred to February 2016 and began further screening after the Paris 2015 attack. Canada has expressed great interest in receiving refugees and Canadian politicians and business leaders , including Prime Minister Justin Trudeau met with the first two flights on December 10 and 13, 2015. By the end of 2015, Canada has arranged 96 flights to transport refugees from host countries. , welcomes 35,000 refugees to 275 communities across the country, and agrees to resettle 35-50,000 refugees by the end of 2016. Resettlement arrangements for additional refugees and ongoing social integration of refugees are ongoing. The cost over the next six years is estimated to be between C $ 564 and C $ 678 million. Justin Trudeau states that the most vulnerable will be accepted first, including family, children and members of the LGBT community. Among Syrian refugees accepted for resettlement are thousands of ethnic Armenians. On 27 February 2016 Canada fulfilled its objective to move 25,000 Syrian refugees. Canada continues to process applications and has received 40,081 refugees from November 2015 to January 2017. The government maintains at least two programs for resettlement: refugees may be sponsored either under the Government's Assistance-Gov'ment (GAR) program, or under the Private Refugee Program (PSR).
United States
Under President Barack Obama
At the end of September 2016, the US surpassed its initial target to displace 10,000 Syrian refugees by resettling more than 12,500 refugees across the United States. Most of these early groups were accepted in the US in the preceding four months before this announcement. The Obama administration also said it anticipated the removal of an additional 110,000 refugees, according to an article from the Washington Post . The Syrian population takes only a fraction (2%) of the total US refugee intake in fiscal 2015. According to the US Department of State Refugee Reports December 2016, the United States recognizes 1,682 Syrian refugees in Fiscal Year 2015 (end of September 2015), 12,587 on TA 2016 (15% of total refugees worldwide entered the United States in FY 2016) and 3,566 Syrian refugees for the period October to December 2016.
President Obama made a statement on September 20, 2016, asking the countries at the UN Leaders Summit on Refugees to "fulfill moral obligations" to help the current refugee crisis. He also rejected President Trump's current idea of ​​building a wall on the border of Mexico and the United States. His statement to help millions of refugees around the world is emphasized by his actions to hold summits. He appointed Syria in particular in his speech that named 4.8 million refugees from Syria "very unacceptable". Obama stated in his summit speech that the refugee crisis is so bad that most of the refugees go with clothes that are not more than their backs. He stated that Syria was one of the 3 most war-torn countries during the crisis because of the war with more than 4.8 million people fleeing war-ravaged Syria.
After the November 2015 attacks in Paris, thirty-one state governments (all but one led by the governor of the Republic) protested the acceptance of Syrian refugees to their state, with some trying to block their acceptance. These governor attempts to block Syrian refugees have failed in court, and most but not all governors "seem to have quietly dropped the issue."
Under his administration, the US government has provided $ 5.9 billion to help Syrian refugees, making the United States the second largest Syrian refugee donor after Turkey.
Under Donald Trump's President
On January 27, 2017, new US President Donald Trump announced that he had signed an executive order that suspended Syrian refugees further transfer to the United States indefinitely until further notice due to security concerns (excluding "refugee claims made by individuals on the basis of religion based persecution, as long as individual religion is a minority religion in an individual nationhood "which can include Christians, Shi'a Muslims and Yazidi in Syria). This will continue after an enhanced security screening procedure is applied. Two days before the signing of the executive order, President Trump said he was interested in establishing a safe zone in the Syrian region, allowing refugees to live there while escaping violence and declared that European countries had "made a big mistake by admitting millions of refugees from Syria and other Middle East issues "during the European migration crisis of 2015. In July 2017, President Trump along with Lebanese Prime Minister Saad Hariri approved US support to Lebanon to" support the humanitarian needs of Syrian citizens displaced as close as possible to their home country. " Also announced in April of the same year that the US will send $ 167 million for Lebanese support.
While some supporters support the postponement of Donald Trump's new settlement to help protect the security of the United States, most are skeptical of the long-term outcome of the suspension. According to opponents of the plan, suspension can be described as "incomprehensible, poorly implemented and poorly explained." The group of critics even includes two prominent Republicans, Michael Hayden and John McLaughlin. Critics have argued that since September 11, 2001, there have been no terrorist attacks in the US caused by people banned by the order. In addition, they say that suspension could harm US troops fighting abroad and the suspension provides propaganda for terrorist organizations such as ISIS, as it allows them to proclaim that the US has anti-Islamic tendencies. US 9th Circuit Cout of Appeals says on Washington v. Trump , that the travel ban is unconstitutional, but Trump has stated he will continue to try and make it happen. On 4 December, the United States Supreme Court ruled in favor of d
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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